What does Procaine Do?

Procaine is a lipid-based anesthetic that has anesthetic effects by temporarily blocking nerve fiber conduction. Procaine is a short-acting local anesthetic drug, which is used for infiltration anesthesia, block anesthesia, subarachnoid anesthesia, epidural anesthesia and closure therapy, etc. It can also be used for intravenous compound anesthesia.

Applications

Procaine is not only a local anesthetic but also widely used in the treatment of many diseases in various clinical departments, such as pediatrics, dermatology, gynecology, and so on. It can be used in gastroenterology to treat pancreatitis, in respiratory medicine to treat hemoptysis, in surgery and neurology, and also to treat renal colic.

Procaine is not suitable for surface anesthesia because of its weak penetrating power to skin mucosa. Procaine has an over-excitatory effect on the central nervous system under the conventional node, which firstly causes sedation, dizziness, and increased pain threshold, followed by vertigo, disorientation, and ataxia, and the central inhibition will continue to deepen, resulting in the dullness of perception, blurred consciousness and then coma. If the dose continues to increase, muscle tremors, agitation and convulsions can occur.

Dosage

Procaine in small doses has a sympathetic excitatory effect, which can increase the heart rate and blood pressure. Increased doses can inhibit peripheral vasodilation and ganglion nerve blockade, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. Procaine powder can also inhibit presynaptic membrane acetylcholine release, produce some neuromuscular blockade, enhance the effect of non-depolarizing inotropic drugs, and directly inhibit smooth muscle and release smooth muscle spasms.

Conditions not applicable

The main contraindication to procaine is an allergy to procaine inpatients, as all local anesthetics have some allergy rate. The incidence of allergy is higher relative to procaine, so procaine is generally contraindicated in patients who are allergic to procaine. It is important to do a good skin test before using procaine, but because procaine itself has some vasodilatory effect, there are often more false positives when procaine skin tests are done. Other anesthetics can be used as an alternative. Also, some patients with poor liver function and poor metabolism generally cannot use procaine as an anesthetic, but this is a relative contraindication. Procaine as an anesthetic agent has certain toxic side effects, and general anesthetics are known as toxic anesthetics, which have certain neurotoxicity and circulatory toxicity. Therefore, when using local anesthetics, it is important to keep in mind their relative and absolute doses.

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