Joint statement on contact tracing for Norway
Echoing the statement¹ signed by hundreds of scientists and researchers from across the globe, this statement reflects the view of the undersigned Norwegian technology, security and privacy experts. It is the result of many discussions, where we sought to balance important requirements and values. Our main goal has been to contribute with a unifying, realistic and constructive proposal. We believe this proposal shows a path that answers substantial concerns, and outlines a solution that will receive public support.
The current Coronavirus crisis is unprecedented, and we support innovative ways of fighting the pandemic with the aid of technology. However, we are concerned that the current mobile app solution Smittestopp that is being offered in Norway to address the crisis, can result in an unprecedented surveillance of our society. The contribution of the app is yet unproven, unlike actions such as testing and social distancing. We urge the authorities to migrate to a solution that is less privacy invasive.
Contact tracing is a well-understood tool to tackle epidemics, and has traditionally been done manually. However, manual contact tracing is time-consuming and is limited to people who can be identified.
In some situations, so-called “contact tracing apps” on smartphones can improve the effectiveness of the manual contact tracing technique. These apps would allow individuals with whom an infected person had physical interaction to be notified, and enable them to take recommended actions such as quarantine or getting tested.
In this context the Norwegian Institute of Public Health has launched a contact tracing solution to improve the effectiveness of the manual contact tracing technique. The app works by registering the identity of other nearby phones using Bluetooth and collecting movements of the phone using geolocation data in a central server. Unlike solutions from other countries, the Norwegian Smittestopp solution collects data to research the spread of the disease and the effect of actions by health authorities in addition to tracing infections. While the effectiveness of contact tracing apps is contested, it is especially important to ensure that those implemented preserve the privacy of their users, thus safeguarding against many other issues.
Collecting data about the whole population, both those infected by Covid-19 and those not, challenges trust in and acceptance of such a solution by society at large. It is crucial that citizens trust the solution in order to produce sufficient uptake to make a difference in tackling the crisis. It is vital that in coming out of the current crisis, we have not created a tool that enables large scale data collection on the population or laid ground for acceptance of such after the pandemic. Thus, solutions which allow reconstruction of invasive information about the population should be rejected. Such information can include the “social graph” of who someone has physically met over a period of time as well as the locations every person in Norway has visited.
With access to the social graph and location history, a bad actor (state, private sector, or hacker) could spy on citizens’ real-world activities. Norway is seeking to build a system which could enable them to access and process this social graph. On the other hand, highly decentralised systems have no distinct entity that can learn anything about the social graph. In such systems, matching between users who have the disease and those who do not, is performed on the non-infected users’ phones as close to anonymously as possible, while information about non-infected users is not revealed at all.
To aid the development of contact tracing without a centrally controlled database that holds personal information about individuals, Google and Apple are developing APIs on Android and iOS to support the required Bluetooth operations in a privacy preserving manner directly. Teams building the privacy protective schemes fully support this effort as it simplifies — and thus speeds up — the ability to develop contact tracing apps. We applaud this collaborative initiative, and the development teams migrating to it. We always caution against collecting private information of people using any service.
It is worth noting that the European Parliament on April 17th recommended a decentralized approach, pointing out by overwhelming majority “that […] the generated data are not to be stored in centralised databases, which are prone to potential risk of abuse and loss of trust and may endanger uptake throughout the Union” and demanding “that all storage of data be decentralised”². The Norwegian solution is also incompatible with the EDPB (European Data Protection Board) guidelines for contact tracing apps³.
The words of Wojciech Wiewiórowski, European Data Protection Supervisor, bear repeating: “Humanity does not need to commit to a trade-off between privacy and data protection from one side, and public health, on the other. Democracies in the age of Covid-19 must and can have them both”⁴.
There are a number of proposals for contact tracing methods which respect users’ privacy to a higher degree, many of which are being actively investigated for deployment by different countries. We encourage the Norwegian Institute of Public Health to migrate to and only rely on a system that is privacy preserving by design (instead of there being an expectation that they will be managed by a trustworthy party) and that is subject to public scrutiny, as a means to ensure that the citizen’s data protection rights are upheld.
The following principles should be adopted going forward:
- Split into two apps: Usage of data for research which is beyond collecting locally stored contact tracing information must be optional, be collected by a separate application and be subject to the explicit consent of the user. In addition to giving a clear separation between the purpose of contact tracing and the purpose of research, this will also enable the use of the Exposure Notification API announced by Google and Apple for contact tracing at the OS level
- Data minimization: Contact tracing apps must only be used to trace contact between individuals to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The contact tracing app must not collect, process, or transmit more data than what is necessary to achieve this purpose. A companion research app may collect additional data for research purposes subject to user consent.
- Transparency: The governance and technical implementation must be fully transparent. The protocols and their implementations, including configuration of components provided by third parties, must be available for public scrutiny. The processed data and if, how, where, and for how long they are stored must be documented unambiguously. Such data collected should be minimal for the given purpose. There must be transparency into the governing processes for contact tracing apps during this crisis, and for its potential use in future crises.
- Privacy by design: When multiple options to implement a certain component or functionality of the solution exist, the most privacy-preserving option must be chosen. Deviations from this principle are only permissible if this is demonstrably necessary to achieve the purpose of the solution, and must be clearly justified with sunset provisions.
Footnotes:
1: Joint Statement on Contact Tracing: Date 19th April 2020: https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/sites/contact-tracing-joint-statement/
2: EU coordinated action to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0054_EN.pdf
3. EDPB guidelines on contact tracing tools in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak: https://edpb.europa.eu/sites/edpb/files/files/file1/edpb_guidelines_20200420_contact_tracing_covid_with_annex_en.pdf
4: Carrying the torch in times of darkness: https://edps.europa.eu/press-publications/press-news/blog/carrying-torch-times-darkness_en
This statement was initiated by Johannes Brodwall, Trond Arve Wasskog and Simen Sommerfeldt
Signed — in alphabetical order
Anders Norås, CTO, Itera
Are Hellandsvik, Research Scientist SINTEF Digital
Arve Føyen, Partner in Føyen Torkildsen AS, and Chairman of the IT- policy Board of the Norwegian Computer Society
Audun Fauchald Strand, Principal Engineer, NAV
Bendik Bygstad, Professor, IFI, University of Oslo
Bente Kalsnes, Associate Professor, Department of Communication, Kristiania University College
Bjørn Villa, PhD Adjunct associate professor, NTNU
Britt Lysaa, Technology Architect
Cathrine Pihl Lyngstad, Head of AI/data science, NAV
Cecilie Rønnevik, Lawyer
Christian Torp, Secretary General, the Norwegian Computer Society
Dana Jaedicke, Privacy and data protection legal adviser
Erlend Oftedal, CTO, Blank and Chapter Lead OWASP Norway
Espen Andersen, Associate Professor, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, BI Norwegian Business School
Espen Dalløkken, Programmer, VIBBIO AS
Gunnar R Tjomlid, CEO and web developer, Thin AS
Hallvard Nygård, Security researcher
Henrik Walker Moe, Security Practice Lead, Bekk
Jarle Pahr, Master of Technology
Johannes Brodwall, Principal Software Engineer, Sopra Steria AS
Johannes Dvorak Lagos, Principal Engineer Mobile, Bouvet Norge as
Johannes Odland, Master of Technology
Jon Iden, Professor. NHH Norwegian School of Economics
Jonas Follesø, CTO, Blueye Robotics
Jan-Erik Vinje, Managing Director, Open AR Cloud Association
John Krogstie, Professor at the Department of Computer Science. NTNU
Jon Wessel-Aas, Lawyer, admitted to the Supreme Court bar
Kirill Miazine, Lawyer, Programmer
Lee A. Bygrave, Professor of Law, University of Oslo
Lillian Røstad, PhD, Managing Director Business Consulting, Sopra Steria and Associate professor, University of Oslo
Maria Bartnes, Research Director, SINTEF / Adjunct Associate Professor, NTNU
Marit Tokle, Software Engineer, Sopra Steria
Martin Bekkelund, Director of Product and Business Development, Technology Expert
Martha Eike, Security practitioner
Merete Asak, CTO Cisco Systems Norway
Morten Dalsmo, Executive Vice President, SINTEF Digital
Nikolai Norman Andersen, Data Protection Officer, Confrere
Nils Norman Haukås, Technologist, Netlife Design AS
Ole Andreas Engen, Professor, Universitetet i Stavanger
Patricia Aas, CTO, TurtleSec AS
Per Thorsheim, Digital Authentication Expert
Ragnvald Sannes, Senior Lecturer, Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, BI Norwegian Business School
Salve J. Nilsen, Chairman, Norway Chapter of the Internet Society
Silvija Seres, Mathematician and technology investor
Simen Bakke, Senior Information Security Advisor
Simen Sommerfeldt, CTO, Bouvet, author “Personvern og GDPR i praksis”
Sirar Salih, CEO, Winterfell.tech® AS, Microsoft Azure MVP
Steinar Grøtterød, Board Member Norwegian Chapter of the Internet Society
Toril Nag, Executive Vice President of Telecom at Lyse, Chairman of the board, ICT Norway
Thomas Gøytil, Head of Security, Klaveness Digital
Thor Henning Hetland, Community Manager Cantara, CTO Sunstone AS
Torbjørn Karl Svendsen, Director, NTNU Digital
Torgeir Waterhouse, Partner, Otte
Trond Arve Wasskog, CTO, Bekk
Truls Jørgensen, Principal Engineer, NAV
William Dennett, Director International Projects, Metier
Signed by form — in chronological order
Per Øivind Skard, Partner, Otte AS
Jon Are Rakvåg, Security architect, SpareBank 1 Utvikling
Ragnar Westad, Chief Consultant, Experis Ciber
Bjørn Reppen, Programmer
Magnus Sundal, Senior development Engineer, Data Respons R&D Services AS
Mike Long, Founder and CEO, ComplianceDB
Halvor Sakshaug, Application Security Lead, Confirmit
Ove Gram Nipen, Principal consultant, Kantega
Anders Bruvik, Tech Team Lead, Chairman of the board for Devops Norway
Thomas Steen, Programmer dspnor
Lars-Erik Aabech, Lead Developer, MarkedsPartner AS
Maja Enes, Frilanser og skribent, FRK.ENES
Iris Krossbakken, Avdelingsleder, Bouvet
Ruben Solvang, Skyfritt AS
Louise Helliksen, CEO, ME Data AS
Gemma Anible, Senior Software Engineer, WonderNorway AS
Øyvin Halfdan Thuv, Assistant Professor in Computer Engineering, UiT
Ole-Morten Duesund, Partner, Odin Prosjekt AS
Morten Linderud, Open-Source developer, security engineer
Marius Agur Hagelund Lind, Technology Specialist, Marius Agur Consulting
Tobias Brox, Leader Pirat Party Oslo
Arne Krossbakken, System Administrator, Bouvet
Tobias Mahler, Professor of Law, University of Oslo
Hans Petter Eide, App developer/independent consultant, Zeros & Ones AS
Siv Midtun Hollup, Developer, Kantega AS and Associate Professor, Dept of Informatics, University of Bergen
Helge René Urholm, Lead developer
Rune Flobakk, Developer, Bekk
Gustav Aagesen, Chief Data Officer, Lånekassen
Dea-Renate Lunde, Miranda IT team lead, Norwegian Humanist Association
Johan Herland, Software Engineer, Cisco Systems Norway
Tomas Ekeli, Customer Success Lead, Dolittle
Chris Searle, Chief Consultant, Itera
André Savik, programmerer
Inger Hesthammer, Sykepleier
Bjarte M, Test manager
Terje Løken, EVP Digital & Innovation, Storebrand
Anders Sandvik, Software Engineer
Knut Petter Meen, Chief Architect
Eirik Løvmark Wang, Software Architect, Bredvid
Marius Engh Pellerud Senior, Consultant in Transcendent Group and co-author of Kommentarutgave Personopplysningsloven og personvernforordningen (GDPR)
Vegard Andreas Larsen, CTO, Digital Creations AS
Tjerand Silde, PhD Candidate in Cryptography at NTNU
Øystein Ivar Malt, Front-end Architect, Dataloy Systems AS
Torjus Sæthre, Software Engineer, Bredvid
Aleksander Wassum, Practice lead User Experience, Bredvid AS
Thomas Malt, CTO, Knowit Objectnet
Anja Schönhaug, Head of education
Tore Sætre Prosjektleder IKT, Setre Consulting
Thomas Lie-Gjeseth, Frontend designer/developer, Netlife
Leo Valen, Technology advisor and developer, Null AS
Tommy Jocumsen, CPO Dataplattform, NAV
Wallace Sidhrée, Senior Frontend Developer, Netlife
Atle Frenvik Sveen, Software Developer / PhD Candidate
Eirik Eide Head, of IT architecture, Statens pensjonskasse
Erik Hjelmås, Associate professor, Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, NTNU
Thorbjørn Hermansen, Developer Skalar AS
Marko Schulz, Programmer
Silje Bjølseth Amundsen, Senior Infrastructure Engineer, Sopra Steria
Ulrik Fredrik Thyve, Privacy professional
Tor Olav Grøtan, Senior Research Scientist, SINTEF Digital and Associate Professor, NTNU
Christian Torset, Gruppeleder SV, Nordland Fylkesting
Pavneet Singh Saund, Senior Developer, Dolittle AS. Chapter Lead NNUG Vestfold
Brynje Nordli, Principal Software Engineer, Telia Norge AS
Espen Antonsen, Founder MakePlans
Håvard Pedersen, System developer
Nadine Caillé Nesheim. Digital Transformation Lead, Storebrand
Arve Systad, Developer/Senior consultant, Aurum AS
Camilla Grøneng, Director Architecture and Security, CGI
Bjørn Remseth, Deputy chairman, Electronic Frontier Norway (efn.no).
Erlend Opdahl, Operations Bekk Consulting
Andreas Lyth, Student
Runar Bell, Software Engineer, JProfessionals
Glenn F. Henriksen, CTO, Justify
Runa Sandvik, Security researcher
Christian Mohn, Chief Technologist SDDC, Proact IT Norge AS
Tor Christian Tovslid, Platform Architect, Husbanken
Thomas Kjeldahl Nilsson, Independent Android software developer
Andreas Beining, CEO, Beining & Bogen
Henriette Høyer, Kommunikasjonsdirektør Bouvet
Trond Marius Øvstetun, Senior developer, Zenior
Jonathan P. Camp, CSO, Intelecy AS
Øystein Amundsen, System developer, Bouvet AS
David Sommerseth, basenordic AS
Line Moseng Developer, NAV
Max Lauritz Øyen, Student, UiO
John Marius Solli, Data Protection Officer
Per-Kristian Helland, Software Engineer, Clave Consulting
Asbjørn Berge, Senior Scientist, SINTEF Digital
Tore Vestues, CTO, Variant AS
Gunnar A. Reinseth, Programmer, Kongsberg Maritime AS
Marius Gundersen, Konsulent, Clave
Christoffer Schjelderup, Komiker
Richard Sundby Anderssen, Senior Systems Developer/Consultant, Novanet A/S
Robin Lunde, Security Engineer, LINE Corporation
Kim Arthur Sakariassen, Seniorkonsulent, ATEA
Arild Strømhylden, Senior consultant, Miles
Karianne Berg, CTO Kaukus
Steinar H. Gunderson, M.Sc.
Sturla Bakke, Associate Professor, Department of Technology, Kristiania University College
Erlend Halvorsen, Owner, Peopleware AS
Fabriece Sumuni, CTO, K30 GROUP AS
Martin Smevik, Konsulent, Bouvet
Hans Ekkehard Plesser, Professor in informatics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Lars-Jørgen Kristiansen, Senior Developer
Dr. Tage Stabell-Kulø, Tech lead, analytics & user surveillance, Police ICT services
Bjørnar Snoksrud, Software Developer, Cisco System AS
Jon Grov, Owner, Gauge
Fredrik L. Andersen, Regional Sales Manager Norway & Iceland, Palo Alto Networks
Dervis Mansuroglu, Principal Officer, NAV
Bård Lind, IoT Architect, Privacy Enthusiast
Anders Breivik, Seniorkonsulent, Knowit AS
Enrico Razzetti, Linux platform developer and site reliability engineer
Christer V. Aas, Technical Product Manager, Urban Sharing
Bjørn Asle Taranger, Senior Consultant, Miles AS
Simen Fure Jørgensen, Chief Product Officer, Otovo
Frode Klevstul, CTO, Kursiver.no
Torunn Aardal, Private/freelance
Fredrik Grindland, Project Manager
Steinar Auensen, Security & Network Engineer
Elisabeth Guillot, Senior advisor, Unit — The Norwegian Directorate for ICT and Joint Services in Higher Education and Research
Jan Ove Skogheim, CEO, Elefant Software AS
Erik Wendel, Fagsjef, Bekk
Vegard Edvardsen, Research Scientist, Telenor Research
Omar R. Langset, Deputy CTO, Altibox
Olve Maudal, Senior Advisor, Equinor
Paul Nyheim, Senior Software Developer, Signicat
Vegard Strømsøy, Konsulent, Bouvet
Tor Vigesdal, Senior Security Advisor
Magnus Haraldsen Amundsen, Head of Software Engineering, SG Finans AS
Vigdis Westby, Seniorkonsulent, Diku
Carl Christian Grøndahl, Konsulent, Bouvet
Jan-Petter Krüger, Software Architect
Eva Nordskog, Kommunikasjonsansvarlig, Trainor Elsikkerhet AS
Jan Høydahl, Search Solution Architect, Cominvent AS
Thomas Fredriksen, Consultant, Bouvet
Reidar M Sollid, Principal Consultant, Inmeta Consulting A/S
Tarjei Romtveit, CTO, Klaveness Digital
Darija Sapozenkova-Hauge, Sjefskonsulent og teamleder i Experis Ciber AS
Maria Helena Høivik, CTO Globalvoice
Stig Bakken, Principal Software Engineer, TietoEVRY
Sigurd Ljødal, Developer, Kolonial.no
Jan-Erik Carlsen, Senior Software Engineer, GoDaddy
Stig Strøm, Developer, Rejlers Embriq
Haakon Nore, Sivilingeniør Kommunikasjonsteknologi, Selvstendig næringsdrivende
Håkon K. Olafsen, Senior Adviser
Kjetil Klaussen, Team Lead, Sentinel Software
Øyvind Møller Asbjørnsen, Principal Delivery Architect
Ole Jakob Schjøth, Programmer, Independent
Anders Bondehagen, CEO, Nortero AS
Håkon Åmdal, Software Engineer, Spacemaker AI
Stein A.J. Møllerhaug, Principal Advanced Knowledge Development Mansger, Experis Ciber AS
Terje Heen, Developer, NAV
Marcel Dekker Devos, Senior User Experience Consultant, Utviklings-og kompetanseetaten, Oslo kommune
Asbjørn Alexander Fellinghaug, Senior Consultant, Webstep
Geir Amsjø, Agile coach, Lean Venture
Hans Erik Ballangrud, Seniorkonsulent, IBM
Adrian Alexander Eriksen, Security Tester
Trond Hjorteland, Partner, Scienta
Ole Kristian Nystrøm, Advisor and Project manager, Bouvet Norge AS
Roy Allan Hansen, Security Trainer
Jim-Espen Gundersen, Senior Software Engineer, Sopra Steria AS
Anders Sundnes Løvlie, Associate professor, IT University of Copenhagen
Vetle Økland, Security Consultant, Nagarro
Sveinung Dalatun, Senior Consultant, Miles AS
Oleksandr Ivanov, Software engineer, Schibsted
Johan Reitan, App developer
Merete Munch Lange, Senior Consultant
Hilde Husevåg, Senior Consultant, Miles Oslo AS
Amund Bogetvedt, Developer
Mats Ekran, Automation Lead, LB Forsikring
David A. Sjøen, Systemutvikler og daglig leder, Pilgrim Softworks AS
Magne Davidsen, Leder for Teknologi, Blank
Ole Christer Selvig, Teknolog, Blank AS
Kjersti Berg, Architect, Frende Forsikring
Svein Elgstøen Senior Consultant (Tech Lead), CGI
Lars Tobias Skjong-Børsting, Chief Consultant, Skylars AS
Steffen Hageland, Seniorutvikler, Bekk
Lars Ellingsen, Co-founder, Kantega
Nils Ree, Senior developer, Solv AS
Lars Skjelbek, Teknolog, Blank AS
Helen Stortiset, Project manager
Ken Ove Andersen, Senior developer, JProfessionals
Thomas Gramstad, Chair Electronic Frontier Norway, Deputy Leader Norwegian Unix User Group, board member ISOC Norway
Håvard Anda Estensen, Platform Engineer
Alf Hansen, Vice Chair, ISOC Norway
Carl Fredrik Hersoug, Systemutvikler, Kantega AS
Tom Grydeland, Research Scientist
Pär Wiger, Knowledge Lubricator, Miles
Henrik Grindal Bakken, Software developer, Cisco Systems Norway
Tim Jagenberg, PhD, Senior Consultant, Webstep AS
Dag Erik Løvgren, Konsulent, Miles Bergen AS
Steinar Dragsnes, Senior Consultant, Miles AS
Vegard Stuen, Developer, Kantega AS
Leif John Korshavn, Senior Consultant, Zenior AS
Håvard Raddum, Chief Research Scientist
Geir Kristian Ronland, Teknolog og samfunnsviter
Grunde Løvoll, Data Scientist, Basefarm
Sindre Moen, App Developer, Vipps
Asgeir S. Nilsen, Senior Consultant, Miles Oslo AS
Martijn Stam, Cryptology Chief Research Scientist
Eivind Arvesen, Konsulent, Bouvet
Mario Ek Aparicio, Product manager, Vipps
Helger Lipmaa, Chief Research Scientist in Cryptography, Simula UiB
Robin Garen Aaberg, Tech lead, Knowit
Harald Sævareid, Seniorboliger designer, Kabra AS
Jan Wegger, Software developer, Cisco Systems Norway
Joacim Torkelsen, Network & Security consultant, ATEA
Marianne Gunderson, PhD Candidate in Digital Culture, University of Oslo
Mads Opheim, Developer, Computas
Kim Bjerkevoll, CTO, Elekt AS
Marius Bækken Glittum, Senior Software Engineer, Sopra Steria
Espen Holje, Founder and Chairman, Escio
Arild Jansen, Prof. emeritus, University of Oslo
Kari Asheim, Network Architect
Bjørn Mork, Software developer, Telenor
Joseph ‘Yossi’ Somer, General Manager, Joseph Somer Prod.
Espen Johnsen, Developer at Vipps
Nina Krogh, UiO
Erik Johannes Husom, Student, UiO
Martin Larsson, Seniorkonsulent, Kantega
Norvald Stol, Professor, Institutt for informasjonssikkerhet og kommunikasjonsteknologi, NTNU
Anders E. Bråten, Senior consultant, Kantega / PhD-candidate, NTNU
Kari Asheim, Network Architect, Cisco Systems Norway AS
Ina Aschim , Designer (UX/interaksjon), Kantega
Golnaz Jafari, Guest researcher, Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law (NRCCL), UiO
Kristina Nesset Kjerstad, Group Privacy Officer, Telenor Group
Håkon Nilsen, CEO, Apparat AS
Inge Hovd Gangås, Investment Director, SINTEF Venture
Geir Amdal, Principal Engineer, Nagarro AS
Peter Nitter, Senior Consulting Manager, Sopra Steria
Sigurd Øines, Informatics student, NTNU
Kristoffer Nyborg Gregertsen, Research manager, SINTEF Digital
Knut Erik Helgesen, Developer, Bouvet
Haldor Reinshorn Samset, Senior Software Developer, Signicat
Svein-Ivar Lillehaug, Høgskolelektor/forsker Helseinformatikk, Høgskolen på Vestlandet
Egil Risvoll Sørensen, Chief Solutions Architect, Altibox
Anette Roll Richardsen, CEO, Watchcom Security Group AS
Goran Stene Solomonovic, System architect / tech lead, Bouvet
Liam Svanåsbakken Crouch, Student, NTNU
Marius Mølnvik Øye, Information Security Student, NTNU
Geir K. Engdahl, CTO, Cognite
Åse Tharaldsen, System Manager
Johannes A. Daleng, Engineering Manager — Software
Anders Bjørnestad, Prinicipal Consultant, Webstep AS
Tobias Otnes Brattebø, Manager, Corporater
Jon Arve Risan, Owner KMI Consulting
Jon Hjelmervik, Research manager, SINTEF Digital
Tobias Lie Andersen, Developer
Signe Riemer-Sørensen, Researcher, SINTEF Digital
Vidar Østmo, Security Architect
Helge Olav Aarstein, Co-founder, Kantega AS
Torvald Lekvam, Site Reliability Engineer
Herman Schistad, Engineering Manager & Tech Lead, Kolonial.no
Heidi Dahl, Senior Research Scientist, SINTEF Digital
Saqib Riaz, Head of Integration, Sopra Steria
Morten Udnæs, Chief Architect, Conexus
Ole Martin Grønnestad, Senior System Consultant, iQubeS AS
Atle Geitung, Assosiate Professor, Computer Science, HVL
Harald Kuhr, Konsulent, Bouvet
Eirik Iversen, Senior Consultant, Webstep
Tore I. Christoffersen, Consultant, Bouvet
David Cameron, Coordinator, SIRIUS Centre, University of Oslo
