As software systems grow in complexity, they involve increasingly more components, modules, and dependencies that often interact with each other in intricate ways. …

Blockchains are highly secure networks, but their performance leaves much to be desired — they are not currently able to process enough transactions per second (which is also known as their throughput) to become widely adopted by the general public. …

One of the primary barriers standing in the way of blockchain becoming widely adopted is their performance. This usually refers to the number of transactions that they are able to process per minute, which is also known as throughput. However, we want to take a more comprehensive approach for improving…

It is always beneficial to decentralize a blockchain network across a multitude of nodes. Distributing control across multiple nodes improves the network’s ability to resist attackers. Additional nodes provide critical redundancy for the network, ensuring it runs even if other nodes go offline. Each additional node further democratizes the blockchain…

Improving the storage is one of the most effective ways of improving a blockchain node’s overall performance. Blockchain nodes must regularly and continuously access the storage that contains the blockchain state (also known in Tezos as the context). …

Introduction — Whenever developing a system that controls critically-important data, security is paramount. To achieve the highest degree of security, we need to check for potential vulnerabilities in every possible case. A system like this may have many different states, and the more complex it is, the more states it can have. …

Increasing the speed at which blocks are applied is one of the most effective methods of improving a blockchain node. When new blocks are applied, the blockchain’s protocol reads from and writes into the node’s storage, which stores the blockchain state (which is known as the context in Tezos). To…

As developers, we want to see how much memory is used in each piece of code so that we can evaluate whether a particular function in code costs us too much memory. For instance, if an error causes an increase in memory consumption, we need to be able to identify…

Computer systems are designed to process information in the form of a binary stream of data. These strings consist of numbers and letters that must be processed by parsers into an intelligible form that the system can use. The same is true with data sent across the Tezos network. For…