In Chemistry there are Three Fundamental Laws of Chemistry that you need to know: Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions. So today we’ll introduce each of these three chemical laws in the bulletpoints below… ➞ Law of Conservation of Mass The Law of Conservation…

Accuracy vs. Precision NToday we will briefly address the differences between Accuracy and Precision. These two terms are NOT interchangeable, so it’s best if we start by defining them below… Accuracy = how well a measurement agrees with the true value. = If a measurement is accurate, it agrees with the…

Two Types of Errors in Measurement There are 2 types of measurement errors in Chemistry. They are… ➞ random errors, or human errors, and ➞ systematic errors, or instrumentation errors. ========== Random Errors vs. Systematic Errors First, let’s examine Random Errors… Random Errors in Chemistry Random error = human errors in measurement that have the same likelihood of being…

Uncertainty in Measurement There is always some degree of uncertainty with any measurement that is peformed or conducted. WHY? Because measurements are not “counted.” — They’re not guaranteed. Measurements depend on the device and the person conducting the meaurements. And likewise… the uncertainty depends on the precision…

SI Units in Chemistry involve both a quantitative observation (a number) and a qualitative observation (a unit). See the example below: number: 9 unit: liters Combined this gives us a measurement: 9L — — — — — SI System of Units The SI stands for the French way of saying…

First, we’ll discuss how to name cycloalkanes. Then, we’ll move on to naming alkenes later in the article… Cycloalkanes Besides forming chains, alkanes can form rings and become cycloalkanes. ➞ Cycloalkanes are also called “cyclic alkanes.” ➞ They have the general…

Today we’re going to talk about the half-lives of nuclear reactions and radioactive decay processes. We’ll also discuss the Geiger counter and how it’s used to detect radioactivity. Half-Life Half-Life (t ½) = the time required for the number of nuclides to reach half…

Coordination Compounds typically consist of a “complex ion” and its counterions. complex ion = transition metal ion with its attached ligands. counterions = anions or cations as needed to produce a compound with no overall net charge. — — — — — Coordination Compounds Transition metal…

Today we’re going to discuss three galvanic cell problems. FYI ➞ galvanic cell = electrochemical cell = voltaic cell Galvanic Cell Example #1 ex: A galvanic cell is based on the following unbalanced equation: MnO₄-(aq) + 8H+ + ClO₃-(aq) → ClO₄-(aq) + Mn^2+(aq) + H₂O(l) Give…