MESOPOTAMIA -The oldest civilization
Mesopotamia is the oldest and first civilization to emerge on human history. It is historical region of western asia. Mesopotamia means the land between the two rivers that is the Tigris and Euphrates. The interseting thing about Mesopotamia is the soil near the river is fertile while the rest land is not. The current places of Mesopotamian civilization are Iraq, southeastern turkey and parts of syria. Summerians, assyrians and babylonians dominated the Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was under the control of Parthian empire and became a battleground between the Romans and Parthians.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbZBAVbmPNs
The Mesopotamia include popular cities such as Uruk, Assur,Babylon,Nippur. The architectural concentration were mostly on temples, palaces, city walls, gates and they also worked on residential architecture. Bricks were used as the most locally available material and stone to be brought from distance for major cities. The first form of writing, invention of wheel, sailboat, agriculture and metallurgy all came from Mesopotamians. The famous ziggurats and hanging garden of babylon also were from Mesopotamian civilization.
Ziggurats were the most distinctive form and cities have large gateways. The ziggurats were massive structure with the base and the top had the white temples. These ziggurats provide a platform to connect the earth and heaven was believed by the people. Temple being closer to heaven was the concept of ziggurats. The access to these ziggurats were through the steps and series of ramps or may be spiral ramps. They believed it to be the dwelling places for god. Only priests were permitted in the ziggurat or at the room in the base. The top of ziggurat was the shrine. Each ziggurat includes the courtyards, storage, rooms, bathrooms,living quaters around which a city was built. The sun baked bricks were used in the inner core and the fired bricks on the outside facing.
The hanging garden of babylon was one of the 7 wonder of world in the ancient time. The hanging garden of babylon is constructed in the land of babylon with the series of tiered garden as the terrace by king Nebuchadenezzar II for his median wife queen Amytis as she missed the green hills and valleys from her homeland. The garden was made near the grand palace of Marvel of mankind.
