Sensitivity and Schizophrenia: Understanding the Link Through Environmental, Genetic, and Neurobiological Factors

Introduction

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population. Characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and cognitive impairments, schizophrenia poses significant challenges to individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. Despite decades of research, the precise etiology of schizophrenia remains unclear. Current theories span a wide range of disciplines, including genetics, neurobiology, psychology, and sociology. Each theory offers valuable insights but also presents limitations when considered in isolation.

This review proposes a unified theory that positions heightened sensory sensitivity and cognitive overload at the core of schizophrenia’s etiology. By integrating diverse theories and empirical evidence, this framework aims to provide a holistic understanding of how genetic predispositions, environmental stressors, socio-economic factors, and neurobiological mechanisms interact to precipitate schizophrenia. The implications of this theory extend beyond academic interest, suggesting novel approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Highly sensitive individuals, often possessing heightened intelligence, experience the world differently. Their acute awareness of sensory stimuli can lead to cognitive overload, particularly in environments with excessive or…