Istanbul is one of the most amazing and beautiful cities in the world. Once known as Byzantium and Constantinople, it is located at the crossroads of two continents — Europe and Asia — as well as at the intersection of Western and Eastern cultures.
Istanbul is a big city; its European part is the second-largest city in Europe, and the Asian part is even larger! This guide is intended for those who are visiting Istanbul for the first time — it compiles the main attractions. In the end of the article you will find my personal tips and life hacks, as well as a review of the most popular tourist cafes that I have visited. Subscribe to my channel not to miss out many interesting articles. Texts about other Turkish cities and a large article about the amazing Turkish cuisine will be coming out soon. The text about marvelous Izmir.
All prices in the article are as of November 2023.
Attractions
Hagia Sophia is a majestic mosque that was originally built as a Christian church in the 6th century. In the 15th century, after the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, the church was converted into a mosque, and minarets were added to it. In the 20th century, the building served as a museum, but in 2020 it became a mosque again. Inside, you can see a gilded dome decorated with numerous mosaics and four images of seraphim angels, dating back to Byzantine times. Entrance is free. Women should cover their heads, for which they can use a hood or purchase a scarf nearby the mosque.
This place has an amazing energy; it astonishes with its grandeur and rich history. It’s worth visiting Istanbul only for the chance to see Hagia Sophia.
Sultanahmet Square is a place with rich history. It was once the site of a hippodrome, which over time transformed into a square. Today, the square showcases an ensemble of historical monuments:
- The Egyptian Obelisk, erected by order of Emperor Theodosius in 390 AD;
- The Tall Obelisk of Emperor Constantine VII;
- The Serpent Column, brought from Delphi in 326 AD. Unfortunately, only a part of it has survived to this day;
- And the fountain, gifted by the German Emperor in 1900.
The Basilica Cistern is one of the most magnificent structures of Constantinople, being the largest of the city’s surviving water reservoirs. It was constructed between the 4th and 6th centuries. Inside, a dim light prevails, maintaining a warm temperature and high humidity.
Currently, exhibitions are regularly held here, and on ordinary days, visitors can see various thematic objects, including these medusas. The ticket price is $15.50.
Topkapi Palace is the main palace of the Ottoman sultans in the past, which today impresses with its luxurious interiors. Inside, there are numerous museums where you can learn about the history and culture of the Ottoman Empire. An audio guide is provided with the ticket, available in different languages. The ticket costs $26.00. If you wish to visit the harem area, the ticket will cost $33.00.
Hagia Irene is a unique Christian church located next to the Topkapi Palace, which has not been converted into a mosque. Inside, you can physically feel the antiquity of this building, perhaps due to the fact that not much of ancient frescoes have been preserved. You can enter there with Topkapi palace ticket.
The Galata Tower is a famous symbol of Istanbul, built by the Genoese in the 14th century. You can purchase a ticket and go to the observation deck to enjoy the city view. During my visit, the top of the tower was closed for restoration, but it did not diminish my experience at all. There are many cafes near the tower where you can taste the famous San Sebastian cheesecake. The tower harmoniously fits into the charming district that surrounds it.
Istiklal Street is a bustling and lively pedestrian promenade in the heart of Istanbul, filled with an array of shops and cafes. The name translates as an ‘Independence Street.’ Initially, this name seemed unusual to me for the former capital of the empire, but it was given in honor of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’s victory over foreign military intervention and the establishment of a republican regime in Turkey.
The Maiden’s Tower is not just a historical monument, but also one of the symbols of Istanbul, standing in its place since the 12th century. There are many theories about the purpose of the tower. One of them says that the original tower at this location was built during the reign of Emperor Constantine the Great and was used as a watchtower. Under the Ottomans, it became a lighthouse. You can take a ferry to Üsküdar and see it from the water.
The Balat district is a picturesque and historic Jewish quarter situated on the banks of the Golden Horn. Strolling through its narrow cobblestone streets and admiring the colorful houses immerses you in an atmosphere of the past. In this district, you will find designer boutiques, antique shops, and cozy cafes serving delicious desserts. Balat is conveniently located close to Istanbul’s main attractions.
Dolmabahçe Palace is another residence of the Ottoman sultans, located on the European side of the Bosphorus. It was built in the mid-19th century for Sultan Abdulmejid I, who no longer wished to live in Topkapı Palace. This luxurious building, designed in Baroque and Rococo styles, is adorned with an abundance of details and elements.
The Blue Mosque, also known as the Sultanahmet Mosque, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 next to the Hagia Sophia. This unique mosque has six minarets and is designed in the Ottoman style. The name “Blue Mosque” is referred to the thousands of handcrafted ceramic tiles that adorn its walls, giving the interior a blue hue. Entry to the mosque is free. Ladies are required to cover their heads; they may use a hood or take a free scarf at the entrance.
The Süleymaniye Mosque was built in the mid-16th century by the famous architect Mimar Sinan by order of Suleiman the Magnificent. The mosque is illuminated by light filtering through numerous windows, creating a unique atmosphere. The mosque’s grounds include a cemetery where Sultan Suleiman himself, his wife Hurrem, and their daughter Mihrimah are buried. Entry to the mosque is free, and women are required to cover their heads.
The Taksim Square is one of the central spots in the city. It has a lot of shops, restaurants, and prestigious hotels. The square is also known for its mass festivities and cultural events. A significant landmark of the square is the “Republic Monument,” which commemorates the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.
The New Mosque, also known as the Valide Sultan Mosque, is located near the Eminönü Square, close to the Galata Bridge. The construction of this magnificent building lasted almost 70 years and was completed in the traditional Ottoman style, characterized by multiple domes and exquisite decoration.
The Grand Bazaar and the Egyptian Bazaar are two of the most famous markets in Istanbul.
The Grand Bazaar, one of the largest and oldest covered markets, was established during the reign of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror. It offers a vast array of goods, ranging from traditional souvenirs to jewelry. Be prepared for the merchants who will aggressively invite you to buy something in their shops.
The Egyptian Bazaar, also known as the Spice Market, is the second-largest market in Istanbul. I found it more appealing than the first one. Vendors invite you into their shops, but they also offer treats like baklava, nuts, lokum, and cheese. The bazaar is located near the Eminönü Square and was originally built to fund the construction of the New Mosque.
Tips, Life Hacks, and Features
Public Transport: Istanbul has an excellent public transport system, including the metro, buses, trams, and ferries. I recommend purchasing the Istanbul Card, which allows you to use all types of transport. At some stations, you can pay with a bank card.
Taxis: Be cautious with taxis, as drivers may request an amount exceeding the one specified in the begging, especially if you are not familiar with the language.
Prices can vary significantly even on adjacent streets. For example, roasted chestnuts on the main street might cost 100 liras, while they could be twice as cheap on the next street over.
Animals: Istanbul is home to many stray cats and dogs. The government sterilize and vaccinate them. Dogs have special clips, while cats have notches on their ears. Most of these animals are clean and non-aggressive.
Bosphorus Cruise: Instead of expensive cruises, you can use the city ferries that travel along the Bosphorus. Payment can be made with the Istanbul Card, just like in the subway.
Language Barrier: Although signs in public transport are not always duplicated in English, it is quite easy to navigate thanks to the Latin alphabet they use.
Safety: Istanbul is a big city with high population, so it’s important to watch your belongings. Keep valuable items in inner pockets.
Cash: In some places, especially at street markets, cash may be required as cards are not always accepted.
ABOUT FOOD
The famous San Sebastian cheesecake is available in many cafes at the base of the Galata Tower. The prices there are several times higher than average. But I visited it on my birthday and couldn’t resist try this dessert at that special location. The cheesecake was delightful: the sweet chocolate, and the pie’s impeccably soft and tender texture were perfectly complemented by a Turkish tea. The cheesecake and tea together cost me $11.
You might have heard something about Balık Ekmek (fish in bread). I recommend you to try the Balık Durum (fish in a wrap) instead. This sandwich was incredibly tasty: fresh fried fish caught right there, with juicy tomatoes, green lettuce, and a sweet-and-salty sauce in a wrap. They also treated me to some Turkish tea. I recommend this version because the Balık Ekmek (fish in bread) is very dry and has too much onion inside. I’ve tried it at Mario’s on the Karaköy waterfront, and the sandwich cost $3.50.
Wet Burger: An interesting variation of the classic burger, the wet burger has a beef patty, tomato sauce, and pickles. It’s called “wet” because the bun is soaked with moisture. This unique characteristic enhances the flavor, making it a delightful experience. You can find this type of burger in many places. I tried it at Taksim Square for $1.50.
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