The investigation of cancer is a collaborative venture involving oncologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, et al., using technological advancements like 3D models and nanotechnology to form accurate tumor representations and aid in targeted drug administration. Big data analysis reveals new therapeutic targets. Genetics’ role has revolutionized cancer treatment, allowing individualized treatment strategies based on specific genetic profiles. Research potential includes exploring cancer biology’s non-coding RNA molecules, real-time monitoring of treatment response with liquid biopsies, and DNA repair’s role in cancer prevention. Immunotherapy, which uses the patient’s immune system to fight cancer, has revolutionized cancer care, though understanding immunotherapy resistance mechanisms and the gut microbiome’s role in therapy response requires further study.

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