What are the common PCB components?

1. Capacitor

After the resistor, the capacitor may be the most common component on the circuit board, and the capacitor is also the first choice for PCB enthusiasts. However, there are fewer capacitors we use compared to resistors. The basic function of capacitors is to store charge in them. The capacitors include two metal plates. The two metal plates have electronics. The two panels store the opposite charge, while the electronics help separate them. In this way, the current begins to flow through the circuit.

Capacitors have several classification methods. However, we mainly classify capacitors based on Capyats dielectric materials. This is because dielectric materials are responsible for giving the key characteristics of the capacitor; the denser the dielectric material, the more capacitors can be stored on its board; this is why we tend to use high-quality materials to make electric containers get higher. Capacitors . . Typical capacitors have two cables extending from the metal plate. . We use these cables to integrate capacitors into the circuit.

2. resistance

We often use resistors in most PCB projects, and most of us are familiar with their functions; resistors are one of the most commonly used components on the circuit board. They are very popular and easy to use. The flow of current . . Therefore, the resistor helps dissipate electricity in the form of calories. There are several types of resistors, and the classification methods are also different. The manufacturing materials of the resistor are usually different because we use different materials for different purposes.

Another different type of resistor is the lead wire. In this regard, the most common type is the axial resistor. Electronic enthusiasts, beginners and amateur enthusiasts usually like to use axial resistors because they are easy to integrate into any circuit. There are circles around each register. These rings are a color code that indicates the resistance value of the specific resistor. These rings also tell us about the resistance of the resistor.

3. potential meter

The potential meter is basically a high form of simple resistor. Simple resistance has a fixed resistance value, but the resistance value of the potential meter can be changed as needed. There are many types of potentiometers, but the most common are linear and rotary. You can change the resistance of the linear potentiometer by dragging linear sliders. On the rotary potential meter, you can rotate the knob to change the resistance. When the slider moves on the basic resistance of the semi-circular shape, the resistance changes. We often use rotators in everyday applications. One of the most common applications is to use them in circular volume controllers in music players and audio devices similar to audio devices. They work by controlling the current transferred to the amplifier. When the potentiometer is designed with complex equipment, its performance needs to be changed by fine-tuning.

4. Electric sensor

Electrochemicals are one of the three members of the circuit board-free linear element, and the other two are capacitors and resistors. Inductors are mainly used to store energy in them. Storage energy is obtained by using static electricity. There are many types of inductors, some of which are very simple, while others are complex. However, metal coils are the most common and easiest inductors you encounter. The magnetic field that the coil can produce depends on the turns of the coil. Therefore, the greater the torque, the greater the inductance. We often see that the inductance is around some magnetic cores. The magnetic core has different shapes and sizes. The main purpose is to enhance the magnetic field when current passes through the conductor. Therefore, the magnetic core can completely filter us. Stop specific signals. This is very useful for us because we can use it for many applications, including reducing interference to communication devices and extending battery life.

5. Diode

Diodes are one of the most important components in circuit boards. The main purpose is to flow current only in the set direction. Current can flow from positive extremes to negative polar terminals, and vice versa, but it cannot occur at the same time. Thus, the diode may provide zero resistance in one direction to provide zero resistance in one direction to achieve this. Therefore, we can use this function to prevent the direction of current from flowing unwillingly. One of the most popular diode is the LED diode (commonly known as light emitting diode). We mainly use these diodes to light up. These diodes are easy to weld. They must be adjusted correctly, otherwise LEDs may not be lit.

6. Transformer

They are one of the most important components on the circuit board. The transformer is mainly used to transmit electrical energy from one device to another. When we transmit electrical energy through multiple configurations, electrical energy will increase or decrease. This increase or decrease is often observed in voltage. Experts often think of voltage conversion. . The transformer includes a metal core, which is similar to what we see in ordinary inductors. There will always be a series of coils around the metal core. . There are at least two coils, one of which is used as a secondary coil and the other as a primary coil. The secondary coil refers to the configuration that the electric energy will pass through.

We often see transformers on large electric poles. These transformers are called industrial transformers to reduce the voltage when passing through the line. This reduction is usually in the hundreds of thousands. Therefore, the voltage changes in our daily work. Life is available and uses transformers in ordinary families.

7. Thyrophocarius rectifier

These are an essential part of the circuit board, which is why enthusiasts love to use them. We also call them crystal tubes because they are very similar to diode and transistor. Some experts suggest that they are similar to two transistors, and that they can work together. . They have four silicon layers, including only three lines. . They are not used as amplifiers, they are only used as switches. .

One of the main points to remember is that we only need a pulse to activate the switch. On the other hand, we must continuously supply current to the transistor to amplify. Therefore, they are more suitable for a large number of switching powers.

8. Crystal tube

As we all know, most electronic experts attribute the transistor to the basic component of electronics. They are an important part of the circuit board, and billions of transistors can be found in a single IC. However, we should not think of them as complex tools. Instead, they are ordinary electrical switches and simple amplifiers. The shape and size of the transistor are different, but the most common type is bipolar transistors. Other categories include PNP and NPN variants.

There are three pins inside the bipolar crystals. There is a collector, a publisher, and then the most important. according to. When a small amount of current flows through the NPN transistor, it flows from the base pole to the transmitting pole, but this will trigger another setting, and the current will become larger. This larger current flows from the transmission pole to the collector.
On the other hand, the behavior of the PNP transistor is completely opposite to the NPN transistor. There is also another popular crystal type. We call it FET or field effect transistor . . They allow current to flow through existing electric fields to activate other circuit settings.

9. Crystal oscillator

These are the most important components of circuit boards in complex devices. We mainly use them in clocks because they allow us to make key circuits. These key circuits allow us to maintain a stable and accurate time. They include a piezoelectric body that generates a periodic electronic signal. The voltage body is basically a crystal material that generates signals during its oscillation, so we design them in a way that makes them stable. Its vibration is related to a specific frequency, so we can use their low-cost and precise watches. Therefore, we also use them for other important devices, such as quartz watches and microcontrollers.

10. Integrated circuit

They are the key components of the circuit board. Therefore, when we contract certain circuits and electronic components, and then embed them in a semiconductor film, they are called integrated circuits. They allow us to embed many electronic components into a single chip, and this amazing capacity allows us to make the first calculators. As a result, they now enable us to create the most advanced smart devices and revolutionary supercomputers. The integrated circuit acts as the central processing unit, or essentially the brain of a larger circuit. There are different types of integrated circuits, but most of them are in black plastic shells.

11. Switch and relay

They are the most basic components on the circuit board, but we often forget their importance: switch allows us to control the current in any given circuit; switch allows us to move between closed circuits and open circuits. They come in various shapes and sizes. . But some of the most common include slider, lever, keys, buttons, and rotation types. On the other hand, the negative electrical switch is called a relay. The relay operates through a wire tube. Therefore, when the current flows, the threaded tube acts as a temporary magnet. Therefore, they are used as switches, so a large amount of current can be improved.

12. Sensor

Sensor refers to those circuit board components that can detect changes in their atmosphere. Once this change is detected, they will tend to produce a signal to reflect this change. These electronic signals are then sent to different components of the circuit board, so the sensor basically converts physical energy into electrical energy. Therefore, we often think of sensors as converters (because they can convert energy into another energy).

There are different types of sensors, and they all have different uses. Some of the most popular sensors include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, light sensors and motion sensors. They are very common. We often use them in our daily lives. For example, we use LEDs to detect infrared signals in TV remote controls. We also use fire and humidity sensors in fire and smoke alarms. Therefore, we can also use the sensor as part of the circuit board to optimize different industrial processes.