Effect of Air and Non Condensable Gases in Steam System

In a steam system, air and non-condensable gases are the main causes of issues. Both may result in production issues that affect the functionality and efficiency of a steam system. Depending on the air concentration in the steam system, failing to remove air and non-condensable gases can lower heat transfer efficiency by 21% or more.

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On the heat transfer surface, where heat is transferred as a result of the temperature differential (steam to the process), latent energy (a change in state) is released and condenses in the steam components. Latent energy is being used by the steam component transfer, causing the steam to condense into a liquid (condensate). Gravity then drains the condensate away, leaving the air and non-condensable gases behind.

A resistance is produced by the stagnant film that the non-condensable gases build on the heat transfer surface’s walls. Conduction via these films of resistance is required for heat energy to be transmitted through the heat transfer surface. A ten-thousandth-thick layer of air or non-condensable gases has the same resistance as an iron wall three inches thick.

Steam’s temperature is lowered by air:

According to Dalton’s law of partial pressures, the combined partial pressures of all the gases or vapors in a mixture equal the mixture’s overall pressure. The proportion of total pressure equal to the fraction of each’s entire volume represents the partial pressure that each exerts.

Additional problems with the concentration of air and non-condensable gases exist in the steam system. In the heat transfer area, the amount of air and non-condensable gases that accumulate or change is not constant. A stagnant film of air can have different thicknesses because of different internal heat transfer systems, baffles, flow directions, and metal finishes. This element may also contribute to issues with products heating unevenly.

In order to solve the problems with air and non-condensable gases, plants raise the steam pressure. The higher expense of creating higher steam pressures thus raises the energy cost of the plant.

Air venting apparatus:

The main characteristic that separates 100% steam from an air/steam mixture is temperature.

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