7 Layers of OSI

These layers work together to enable communication between devices on a network, providing a standardized framework for the development and implementation of networking protocols and technologies.

Physical Layer:

Responsible for transmitting raw binary data over a physical medium like cables or wireless signals.
Concerned with the characteristics of the hardware, such as cables, connectors, and electrical signaling.
Data Link Layer:

Handles the reliable transmission of data frames between nodes over a physical layer.
Provides error detection and correction, as well as the addressing of devices on the network.
Network Layer:

Manages the routing of data packets between devices on different networks.
Responsible for logical addressing (IP addresses) and determining the optimal path for data to travel.
Transport Layer:

Ensures end-to-end communication, breaking down larger messages into smaller segments.
Manages flow control, error correction, and retransmission of lost or corrupted data.
Session Layer:

Establishes, maintains, and terminates sessions or connections between applications.
Manages dialog control to keep data exchange organized and synchronized.
Presentation Layer:

Translates data between the application layer and the lower layers.
Handles data compression, encryption, and formatting to ensure compatibility between different systems.
Application Layer:

Provides network services directly to end-users or applications.
Includes high-level protocols for tasks such as email, file transfer, and remote access.