Understanding the architecture and system design of a real-time chat application Requirements and Goals of the System Functional requirements Conversation: The system should support one-on-one and group conversations between users. Acknowledgment: The system should support message delivery acknowledgment, such as sent, delivered, and read. Sharing: The system should support sharing of media files, such as images, videos, and audio.

Fragmented attention: how to regain the ability for deep concentration and clear thinking? — I’d like to begin with a quote from the book “Deep Work”: “Mastering attention management is an essential condition for a fulfilling life, and it’s the key to enhancing nearly every aspect of your personal experience.” I find myself revisiting this subject as I’m troubled by the state of my…

Graph theory has many applications. For example, we can use graphs to show how different chemicals are related or to show airline routes. Graphs also used to show the highway structure of a city, state, or country. The edges connecting two vertices can be assigned a non-negative real number, called…