MANUAL TESTING:
Manual testing is the process of software testing in which developers execute the test cases manually without using automated testing tools. Such testing helps get the end user’s perspective on the application’s performance. It tests whether the application is functioning as defined in requirement document.
Software Development Life Cycle( SDLC)
⦁ Project Planning
⦁ Gathering Requirements & Analysis
⦁ Design
⦁ Coding or Implementation
⦁ Testing
⦁ Deployment
⦁ Maintenance
In SDLS we two type
1. Water fall
2. Agail
Waterfall model — is a sequential development process that flows like a waterfall through all phases of a project (analysis, design, development, and testing, for example), with each phase completely wrapping up before the next phase begins.
Agile methodology is a project management approach that prioritizes cross-functional collaboration and continuous improvement. It divides projects into smaller phases and guides teams through cycles of planning, execution, and evaluation.
SOFTWARE TESTING METHODOLOGIES:
White Box testing
Block box testing
Grey Box testing
The Black Box Test is a test that only considers the external behavior of the system; the internal workings of the software is not taken into account. The White Box Test is a method used to test a software taking into consideration its internal functioning. It is carried out by testers. Grey box testing is combination of block box & white box testig.
STLC(Software Testing Life Cycle)
The stages of the STLC include Test Planning, Test Analysis, Test Design, Test Environment Setup, Test Execution, Test Closure, and Defect Retesting. Each of these stages includes specific activities and deliverables that help to ensure that the software is thoroughly tested and meets the requirements of the end users
FUNCTIONAL TESTING:
Fuctional testing verifies each function/feature of the software, validate software action, it’s based on customer’s requirements.
1.Unit Testing
2.Integration Testing
3.Interface Testing
4.Regression Testing
5.User Acceptance Testing
NON-FUNCTIONAL TESTING:
Non-functional testing verifies aspects like performance,reliability , validate software performance, It’s based on customer’s expectations.
1.Documentation Testing
2.Installation Testing
3.Performance Testing
4.Reliablity Testing
5.Security Testing
Advantages of manual testing
Manual testing offers several advantages that make it an indispensable part of the software testing process. Here are some of the key advantages of manual testing.
1.Human Intelligence: Manual testing requires human intelligence to develop test cases, identify faults, and judge the overall product quality.
2.Adaptability:Testers are able to modify test cases, as opposed to automated testing, which cannot be modified to meet changing software needs.
3.Cost-Effective: Manual testing does not require any investment in expensive tools or automation frameworks, which can significantly reduce testing costs.
4.Personal Touch:Manual testing gives the software’s quality a personal touch. Automated testing is unable to capture tester comments on the software’s usability, aesthetics, and user experience. This comments will help us enhance the software’s functionality and guarantee a better user experience.
5.Early Detection: Human testers undertake manual testing, which allows them to find flaws that an automated test could have missed. By preventing expensive rework later in the development cycle, early defect discovery can reduce development cycle time and expense.
6.Simplicity: Manual testing is uncomplicated and simple to comprehend. Anyone with a fundamental understanding of the software can perform manual testing; it does not call for any particular knowledge or training. Because of its ease of use, stakeholders and end users can easily be included in the testing process, which can raise the software’s quality and user happiness.
Disadvantages of manual testing
Manual testing has been the traditional method of software testing and is still in use in various organizations for its benefits. However, manual testing also has some disadvantages that can cause challenges in the software testing process. Here are some of the key disadvantages of manual testing.
1.Time-consuming: Manual testing requires time since test cases must be executed manually. Complex software program testing could take some time. Testing teams might not have enough time to cover all test cases because of the delay in software development.
2.Human Error: Human errors can happen when testing is done manually. By failing to test particular scenarios or by making mistakes when executing test cases, testers may come up with erroneous results. These mistakes can make it impossible to find flaws, which would affect the caliber of the software.
3.Expensive: Manual testing can be expensive, particularly for big projects or when frequent releases are required. It can raise testing costs because it calls for a sizable amount of resources, such as employees, time, and equipment.
4.Difficult to Measure: It is challenging to quantify the manual testing process since there are no objective metrics provided by manual testing to assess the software’s quality. It is difficult to assess the efficiency of the testing process since it is difficult to keep track of the quantity of test cases executed, errors discovered, and test coverage attained.