What is thread synchronization in Java?

When we begin two or more strings inside a program, there may be a circumstance when numerous strings attempt to get to the same asset, and, at last, they can deliver unanticipated results due to concurrency issues. For example, if different strings attempt to type in inside the same record at that point, they may degenerate the information since one of the strings can abrogate information, or whereas one string is opening the same record at the same time, another string may be closing the same file.

So there’s a have to synchronize the activity of multiple threads and make sure that as it were one string can get to the asset at a given point in time. This is often executed by employing a concept called screens. Each question in Java is related to a screen, which a string can bolt or open. As it were, one string at a time may hold a bolt on a screen.

Thread synchronization in Java is a mechanism to control access to shared resources in a multithreaded environment. It ensures that only one thread can execute a particular section of code at a time, preventing multiple threads from accessing the same resource simultaneously, which can lead to data inconsistencies and errors.

In Java, thread synchronization is achieved using various techniques, including:

1. Synchronized methods: Methods can be declared as synchronized, which means that only one thread can execute the method at a time.
2. Synchronized blocks: A block of code can be synchronized using the synchronized keyword, specifying an object as a lock.
3. Lock objects: Java provides various lock objects, such as ReentrantLock, Semaphore, and AtomicInteger, which can be used to synchronize access to shared resources.
4. Volatile variables: Declaring variables as volatile ensures that changes made by one thread are immediately visible to other threads.

Thread synchronization is necessary in Java because multiple threads may try to access the same resource simultaneously, leading to:

• Race conditions: multiple threads accessing shared data simultaneously, resulting in unpredictable behavior.
• Deadlocks: Two or more threads are waiting for each other to release resources, causing a deadlock situation.
• Starvation: A thread cannot access a resource because it is held by another thread for an extended period.

Using thread synchronization mechanisms, developers can ensure that their multithreaded programs are safe, efficient, and predictable.