Where Anti-Vaxxers and Anti-Vapers Meet
You might have more in common with anti-vaxxers than you want to believe. You might feel the need to reject the possibility because you would never maintain a belief so obviously out of touch with the facts. All the evidence points to the fact that vaccines don’t cause chronic disease and that any risk vaccination does have is worth taking to prevent the spread of deadly infectious diseases. Anti-vaxxers know all this, but it doesn’t change their minds. Maybe you think this is because they are dumb. But, anti-vaxxers aren’t stupid: they’re scared.
Fear is a powerful persuader especially when it comes to our children. We can’t help it. Even for people without kids, humans are hard-wired with an inclination to safeguard the next generation. This inclination is so strong that it can override rationality, common sense, and even our ethics.
For anti-vaxxer parents, any chance that vaccines might cause their child to develop autism spectrum disorder — no matter how farfetched — is, strangely, scarier than the dangers posed by infectious childhood diseases. Fear is more compelling than fact.
Policy makers understand better than anyone how to use fear — particularly about kids — as a marketing tool. That is why controversial policy proposals are too often presented as necessary to protect the children from some perceived threat. That strategy works, even if the threat is made up. Once people believe it’s real, they rally behind lawmakers or officials trying to stop it, no matter how baseless or irrational the policy proposals.
Take vaping. Has teen use of e-cigarettes as reached epidemic levels? The “fact” that teen vaping is a problem has been repeated so often that many of us believe it — believe vaping is a threat to our children and that curtailing the availability of the product will help. It’s as if all the scientific evidence showing e-cigarettes have almost none of the risks of smoking falls on deaf ears. Almost no teens habitually use e-cigarettes, and most of those who do are (or were) smokers. Moreover, e-cigarettes are probably the most effective smoking cessation tool ever invented, nicotine isn’t especially harmful (it’s effects are similar to caffeine), and cigarette smoking among all age groups is lower than ever.
You might be thinking that even if only a small percentage of teens are vaping it’s still bad because nicotine is addictive. But, evidence indicates that e-cigarette use among adolescents is actually displacing smoking. That is, teens who otherwise would have smoked choose to vape instead. Calling this a problem is like saying that teen use of condoms is an epidemic. We might rather they wait until they were older, but if they are going to have sex (and they will) wouldn’t we rather they do so in a safer way?
The irrational fear of vaccination that incited the anti-vaxx movement spread mostly organically, with the help of a few celebrities. This is not the case with the anti-vaping movement, where the campaign of fear was strategic and planned by groups and individuals who think all nicotine use should be eliminated. Because they knew it would be difficult to convince the general public to support efforts to stop adult smokers from choosing to vape, activists focused, instead, on the children. That worked.
States around the country are busy passing “Tobacco 21” to raise the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, which are not tobacco products, from 18 to 21 years. This could force adult smokers between 18 and 21 years old to continue smoking since they would be unable to obtain less harmful e-cigarettes. Despite the fact that there is no evidence of “secondhand vaping” harm, many cities have also already banned vaping in public spaces.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is also weighing the idea of banning the sale of e-cigarette flavors based on unsupported claims that flavors attract kids. This ignores the evidence that e-cigarette flavors are vitally important in helping adult smokers stick to vaping. San Francisco is even considering a proposal to ban e-cigarette sales entirely though traditional cigarettes will still be available at any corner store.
Telling the truth — that e-cigarettes pose little threat to kids, might be our best chance to fully displace smoking, and that government crack-downs harm public health by increasing smoking– may not be enough to change public opinion Based on the latest surveys, most adults believe e-cigarettes pose a threat rather than an enormous opportunity to make smoking a thing of the past. But, it’s not because they are stupid. People have been so frightened by media and health groups that they are willing to ignore all the evidence, including the evidence about the benefits e-cigarettes have for smoking cessation. They’re even willing to support policies that will make it more likely that adolescents and adults smoke and keep smoking. For critics of the anti-vax movement, the failure of facts to overcome fear should seem frustratingly familiar.
Michelle Minton is a senior fellow specializing in consumer policy for the non-partisan think tank, Competitive Enterprise Institute.