Dyspareunia refers to persistent genital or pelvic pain during sexual intercourse, predominantly affecting women. The pain can be sharp or intense and may occur during or after intercourse. Women are more prone to this condition, and it can significantly impact mental and physical health, as well as relationships. Various factors, including biological, medical, interpersonal, and psychological, contribute to dyspareunia. Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and possibly additional tests.
The prevalence of dyspareunia globally varies from 3% to 18%, with lifetime estimates ranging from 10% to 28%. Painful sex is associated with other sexual function problems and psychological issues such as depression and anxiety. There are two main types: superficial, felt at the vaginal entrance, and deep, occurring with deep penetration. Causes include vaginal dryness, infections, psychological trauma, and medical conditions like endometriosis.
