The Vienna Philharmonic

The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, established in 1842, does not have a designated chief conductor. Instead, its players each take turns conducting. The Orchestra has been accused of being extremely conservative — it did not allow a female member to join until 1997. Today, it is more balanced concerning gender and plays with the polish and sheen that have characterized its performance for many years.

The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra employs an uncommon tuning, and its members play instruments such as the clarinet made by the Öhler system, a special “Vienna” oboe, and the “Vienna” horn. The Orchestra performs its world-famous New Year’s Day concerts each year for millions of people around the world.