Kingdom of Ireland | Ireland
Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean in northwestern Europe. Ireland is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea and St George’s Channel. Ireland is the second largest island of the British Isles, the third largest in Europe, and the twentieth largest island on Earth.
Name:
The names Ireland and Éire are derived from the Old Irish Ériu, a goddess first recorded in Irish mythology in the 9th century. The name Ériu is disputed but may derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *h2uer, referring to flowing water.
History of Ireland
Prehistoric of Ireland:
During the last ice age, and until around 16,000 BC, much of Ireland was covered intermittently by snow. The corresponding sea level was less than 50 m, resulting in an ice bridge (but not a land bridge) between Ireland and Great Britain.
By 14,000 BC this ice bridge only existed between Northern Ireland and Scotland, and by 12,000 BC Ireland was completely separated from Britain. Later, around 6100 BC, Britain separated from continental Europe.
Until recently, the oldest evidence of human activity in Ireland was 12,500 years ago, evidenced by a butcher bear bone found in a cave in County Clare. As of 2021, the earliest evidence of human activity in Ireland dates back to 33,000 years ago.
By about 8000 BC, more sustained occupation of the island is shown, with evidence of Mesolithic communities surrounding the island.
Sometime before 4000 BC, the fledgling settlers cultivated grain, introduced domesticated animals such as cattle and sheep, and built large wooden buildings and stone monuments.
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