Use the PGD attack to create optical illusions for neural nets. — Let’s take a look at the following two pictures:

Distinguishing uncertainties helps us better understand neural networks. — Neural networks are riddled with uncertainty. After feeding an input through a neural network to retrieve an output, we cannot be sure that the output we got is a correct description of reality. Moreover, the uncertainty of a neural network needs to be separated into two different kinds: 1. Aleatoric…

Or can you outsmart them? — In our daily life, we constantly deal with uncertain situations. So — at least subconsciously — we are confronted with probabilities all the time. Moreover, it seems we have a good intuitive feeling for probabilities. Or do we really? We know that flipping a coin 100 times will result in…

Generate true randomness with a fun do-it-yourself beginner experiment. — Quantum computers can generate truly random numbers. That’s something a traditional computer cannot do without relying on external sources. Traditional computers can only generate numbers that appear to be random but in reality, are computed according to fixed rules. These numbers are called pseudo-random. …

How you can supercharge the performance of your python code without changing a thing. — As a PhD researcher, it is crucial for my job to quickly code up an idea to see if it works or not. Python is an excellent tool enabling just that. It allows for focusing on the idea itself and not be bothered with boilerplate code and other tedious things. …

Monads can be scary — treating them like fancy semicolons makes them fun! — Monads are programmable semicolons. That’s it. For a programmer, a monad provides functions that allow for sequencing actions. Moreover, between every two following actions, a specific code snippet is executed. So, a monad is a semicolon — but one whose exact behavior you can configure. Let’s Take a Step Back and Start Slow

Fermat’s theorem on sums of two squares had famously been proven in just one single sentence. Can prime numbers be written as the sum of two squares? For 13 this is possible (2²+3²), but for example, 3 cannot be written in this way. …

A thought experiment using game theory explains why we mustn’t know our future. — Game theory is a branch of mathematics with a lot of applications. Especially in economics, game theory plays a very important role. That’s the reason why a lot of mathematicians are presented with the Nobel prize in economics. …