How Artificial Intelligence is used with EEG part2(AI for Healthcare series)
Basics of EEG
- The evolution of AI approaches for motor imagery EEG-based BCIs(arXiv)
Author : Aurora Saibene, Silvia Corchs, Mirko Caglioni, Francesca Gasparini
Abstract : The Motor Imagery (MI) electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow the direct communication between humans and machines by exploiting the neural pathways connected to motor imagination. Therefore, these systems open the possibility of developing applications that could span from the medical field to the entertainment industry. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches become of fundamental importance especially when wanting to provide a correct and coherent feedback to BCI users. Moreover, publicly available datasets in the field of MI EEG-based BCIs have been widely exploited to test new techniques from the AI domain. In this work, AI approaches applied to datasets collected in different years and with different devices but with coherent experimental paradigms are investigated with the aim of providing a concise yet sufficiently comprehensive survey on the evolution and influence of AI techniques on MI EEG-based BCI data
2.EEG-based Image Feature Extraction for Visual Classification using Deep Learning (arXiv)
Author : Alankrit Mishra, Nikhil Raj, Garima Bajwa
Abstract : While capable of segregating visual data, humans take time to examine a single piece, let alone thousands or millions of samples. The deep learning models efficiently process sizeable information with the help of modern-day computing. However, their questionable decision-making process has raised considerable concerns. Recent studies have identified a new approach to extract image features from EEG signals and combine them with standard image features. These approaches make deep learning models more interpretable and also enables faster converging of models with fewer samples. Inspired by recent studies, we developed an efficient way of encoding EEG signals as images to facilitate a more subtle understanding of brain signals with deep learning models. Using two variations in such encoding methods, we classified the encoded EEG signals corresponding to 39 image classes with a benchmark accuracy of 70% on the layered dataset of six subjects, which is significantly higher than the existing work. Our image classification approach with combined EEG features achieved an accuracy of 82% compared to the slightly better accuracy of a pure deep learning approach; nevertheless, it demonstrates the viability of the theory.
3.Removal of Ocular Artifacts in EEG Using Deep Learning (arXiv)
Author : Mehmet Akif Ozdemir, Sumeyye Kizilisik, Onan Guren
Abstract : EEG signals are complex and low-frequency signals. Therefore, they are easily influenced by external factors. EEG artifact removal is crucial in neuroscience because artifacts have a significant impact on the results of EEG analysis. The removal of ocular artifacts is the most challenging among these artifacts. In this study, a novel ocular artifact removal method is presented by developing bidirectional long-short term memory (BiLSTM)-based deep learning (DL) models. We created a benchmarking dataset to train and test proposed DL models by combining the EEGdenoiseNet and DEAP datasets. We also augmented the data by contaminating ground-truth clean EEG signals with EOG at various SNR levels. The BiLSTM network is then fed to features extracted from augmented signals using highly-localized time-frequency (TF) coefficients obtained by wavelet synchrosqueezed transform (WSST). We also compare the WSST-based DL model results with traditional TF analysis (TFA) methods namely short-time Fourier transformation (STFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) as well as augmented raw signals. The best average MSE value of 0.3066 was obtained by the first time-proposed BiLSTM-based WSST-Net model. Our results demonstrated the WSST-Net model significantly improves artifact removal performance compared to traditional TF and raw signal methods. Also, the proposed EOG removal approach reveals that it outperforms many conventional and DL-based ocular artifact removal methods in the literature
