In the autumn and winter of 2023, Ethereum’s significant upgrade, known as the Cancun-Deneb Upgrade, is striving to optimize its scalability, security, and usability. Its goal is to drastically reduce Gas fees on the Layer 2 network. If this upgrade is successful, it will not only bring a definite boost to Ethereum’s Layer 2 expansion but might also usher in a new era for the L2 track.
The Essence of EVM
EVM, or Ethereum Virtual Machine, is the environment used for executing smart contracts on Ethereum. Since its introduction in 2015, it has become a crucial benchmark for evaluating other blockchains due to its powerful ecosystem and network effects.
Exploring zkEVM
Since the original design of the EVM did not encompass ZK Rollup L2, it had limited friendliness towards zero-knowledge proofs. To cater to this need, zkEVM was proposed, with its core idea being the generation of zero-knowledge proofs for smart contracts within the EVM.
Various Types of zkEVM
Based on Vitalik’s classification in 2022, zkEVM has four main types, with each making trade-offs between compatibility and performance.
Factors to Consider
Apart from the types of zkEVM, there are other considerations such as costs, data availability, and custodianship. However, since most general ZK Rollup projects are still in the testnet phase, these factors are difficult to compare for now.
Although the development of zkEVM is still ongoing, we anticipate that in the near future, all solutions will be able to achieve the effects of Type 1 zkEVM. Until then, we will continue to monitor the various innovations in the Ethereum and ZK Rollup scalability domains.
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