While I agree that organization’s desire for certainty inhibits innovation, I think the role of capital investment (construction, process development, product development) is under-appreciated as a barrier. Amazon can knock out a prototype because the only cost and delay is labor. But when you need to build a pilot plant, develop a process and then a product, it is a lot harder to ignore the cost of trying. It makes me wonder how innovation in the physical world MUST differ from that in the digital world to be fruitful.