Make everyday like A blessed #Friday

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The #MoroccaSahara issue remains one of the oldest conflicts in modern history because of chaevauchement interests of the parties to the conflict and hostility against the historical and legitimate right of the Sahara. Nearly four decades after it starts, the conflict over the Sahara has not yet found a final and consensual solution.

The Sahara issue is causing a simple question of decolonization which was due and that is between two countries: Morocco and Spain, which have always settling their accounts from the colonial era in the same way that they have done for the Sahara, namely trading.

This conflict had known its infancy since the 60s of last century, when Morocco had requested their lost Sahara just after gaining independence. Morocco had insisted on this issue after the Spanish colonial authorities, who while yielding Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni in 1958 in 1969, had refused to supply the territory of the Sahara in Morocco Ceuta and Melilla as well as in northern Morocco.

At that time, the Spanish colonizer was planning to set up a local government under the Spanish authority and guardianship. To achieve this, he had unilaterally declared in August 1974 its decision to hold a referendum in the Sahara during the first half of 1975. Morocco had rejected this decision. This was clearly illustrated in the message of the late King Hassan II to the Spanish president and in which the Sovereign had told him of Morocco’s concern and determination to oppose this unilateral measure because it does pasx is consistent with United Nations resolutions. In parallel, King Hassan II had sent two emissaries to several world capitals to expose the Moroccan position vis-à-vis the Sahara issue. In the same vein, the late Hassan II took the case of the Sahara to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague to define the legal status of the territory.

On 18 September 1974, Morocco had requested the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), after seeking the UN General Assembly to suspend all processes related to Referendum in Western Sahara until the Court has rendered its opinion in the case. Following this request, the General Assembly had adopted resolution No. 3292 dated 13 December 1974 in which it had asked the International Court of Justice, without prejudice to the application of the principles contained in resolution 1514 (XV ) of the General Assembly, to provide, at an early date, an advisory opinion on the Sahara issue.

On 6 October 1975 the Court issued its advisory opinion on the Sahara, recognizing that the Western Sahara was not a territory without master before the Spanish colonization, while confirming the existence of legal ties of allegiance between and Sultans Morocco and the Sahrawi tribes.

The Moroccan mobilization was not limited at this stage. Thus, Morocco has been supported by the Arab and African countries. Thus, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had, on behalf of all the Arab countries, asked Spain dated 1 October 1974 to resolve promptly the Sahara issue. Similarly, the Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) was dated 14 March 1975 expressed the support of the Pan-African Organization to Morocco for the release of her despoiled territories. While support was expressed by the Government of the Ivory Coast who had dated March 25, 1975 appointed Mr. Alfonso Ponce to represent Morocco at the International Court of Justice.

After the recognition of Morocco’s historical rights ICJ in the Sahara, the late King Hassan II announced November 6, 1975, the organization of a green walk to the Sahara with the participation of 350 thousand people. This event marked the history of the 20th century had put Spain in front of a new deal she had not expected, which forced him to agree to negotiate with Morocco regarding the Sahara. Thus, the tripartite summit, Morocco, Spain and Mauritania, held in Madrid November 14, 1975 was crowned by the signing of an agreement under which the Sahara territory was submitted under tripartite administration and, for a transitional period three months followed by withdrawal of Spain.

When King Hassan II was preparing for the launch of the Green March, Algeria announced on 21 October 1975 it was opposed to the organization of this peaceful march and mobilized to this effect in its diplomacy world capitals to counter the completion of the territorial integrity of Morocco.

Faced with this strange position of Algeria, and in order to increase pressure on Morocco, the Algerian regime has gone further by expelling 350,000 Moroccans of Algeria, in that the former Algerian President Houari Boumedien called «black march».

Negotiations between Morocco and Spain had resulted in the departure of the Spanish troops of the Moroccan Sahara in February 1976.

At that time, the eastern neighbor has his ambitions by attempting to occupy areas in the Sahara just after the start of the Spanish forces.

As we approach the date of the evacuation of Spanish troops of the Moroccan Sahara, officers and soldiers of the Algerian army infiltrated January 27, 1976 in the village of Amgala, located near the town of Smara and border with Mauritania. Algerian contingent entered the war with a battalion of the Royal Armed Forces. On January 29, the Algerian army was forced to withdraw from the region Amgala, leaving 100 dead and 200 prisoners in the hands of the FAR. They were later released.

In a desperate attempt to justify the presence of elements of his army across Morocco, Algeria conveyed through its media that it was a convoy of trucks carrying food and medicines and not to an armed group.

In his book «History of the national movement» Volume II, writer and historian Moroccan Abdelkrim Ghellab, wrote that «victory Amgala ended the war in the Sahara to the extent that the battles which were followed by n ‘ were that the guerrillas. If Algeria won the war Amgala, the region would become a gateway to attempt to control the Sahara. «

Two weeks after the war Amgala, the late King Hassan II sent a message to Algerian President Houari Boumediene in which he said:

«I charge you to avoid in Morocco and Algeria another drama. I also ask you to ensure, either by war fairly and openly declared, or by an international peace guarantee, that henceforth we should say more at home in my country, among my people, Algeria = Inconsistent. «

As Omgalh occupation unsuccessful attempt, has not abandoned eastern neighbor to try to extend his hand over the Moroccan Sahara, but she tried to precede new events.

IOF withdrew espagnoless’étaient Sahara February 28, 1976. The day before the Algeria proclaimed «Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic».

The official response of Morocco was the message of the late King Hassan II, the Royal Armed Forces, «and not hide the seriousness of the situation, and without dramatizing the situation. We are determined to defend by all means the unity of the Kingdom and to provide security and tranquility for our people «, which means that Algeria is determined to fight the fight against Morocco. Abdelkrim Ghellab wrote: «When Algeria achieved independence, Algerian dirgeants had a complex that the Algerian people had managed a revolution that no other people could not realize.»

Although Algeria has a vast territory, its leaders have tried hard to ossify the future of the neighboring countries and considering that Morocco, with its historical legacy and enjoys a privileged geographical position, is best placed to form a union between the countries of North Africa and compete with Algeria’s leadership in the region. This fact prompted the Algerian leaders to contercarrer Morocco in the completion of its territorial unity. Thus the Polisario and Algeria created the attempt to weaken Morocco by guerrillas.

For the Algerian regime, the completion of the territorial integrity of Morocco threatens Algiers and make the Kingdom a serious competitor, such a concern that justifies Algeria’s ambitions to extend its hegemony over the Moroccan Sahara.

It is obvious that the eastern neighbor aspires to have an exit to the sea and just a port on the Atlantic Ocean to market the iron Jbilet. This could only be realized if the Sahara region is under the authority of a «state» created by himself. Algeria’s intentions had displayed since the first attack on Morocco to Hassi Hassi Tanjoub Bida and in 1963, while Algeria had access to independence. Certainly, Algeria continued its war against Morocco until it creates the Polisario Front by sheltering on its soil in Tindouf, and seeking by all means recognition of the puppet state of some countries corrupt. According to the teacher-scholar, Abdelouahed Nasser, «Algeria has spared no financial means offering pot-de wines and commissions in some poor countries in return for their recognition of the ghostly SADR. She even launched radio channels serving as spokesman for the Polisario. … This effectively confirms that diplomatic successes achieved by the front in terms of recognition by some countries, and win the sympathy of others, allowed him to realize acquired several other liberation movements have failed and thanks in Algeria that deploys all its resources and mechanisms, «added the professor.

The mobilization of Algeria does not stop at stadee réccueillir of recognitions of the puppet state, but she even went to promote the idea of negotiations at United Nations level and international fora in this regard the Algerian regime has used its presence in meetings, symposia and international conferences to call for direct negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario, which means an implicit recognition of this movement.

This policy has had a major role in the adoption of the UN plan for a referendum in the Sahara in 1988. Morocco had agreed to sit down with the Polisario movement around the negotiating table, provided that they are supervised by a Special representative of the UN Secretary General.

Need I remind you that this step was preceded by numerous provocative incidents fomented by Algeria, including the Battle of Tan Tan on 28 and 29 January 1979 the battle of Smara March 14, 1979, the Battle of Bir Inzaren 11 August 1 979 the battle of MSSID September 13, 1979, the battle of Boukraa and Laayoune January 28, 1980, the battle of Boujdour February 13, 1980 and the battle of Akhnifis September 26, 1980.

The region is mired in a situation of instability despite a ceasefire between the two parties. But the situation would calm down when the Secretary General of the UN has developed a peace plan that was presented to the parties on August 11 1988 before it is approved by the UN resolution No. 629 dated 23 September 1988.

The two warring parties have also expressed their willingness to implement this plan. But implementation of this plan runs into many problems including:

The issue of direct negotiations, the criteria for identifying participants in the referendum, the question of the appointment of tribal sheikhs on either side in the Identification Commission.

The identification process began in July 1994 had it’s suspended in January 1996 because of the refusal of the Polisario Front from lists submitted by Morocco, which resulted in the removal of part of MINURSO.

But the talks conducted under the supervision of the Special Representative of the United Nations, James Baker have resulted in the adoption of a declaration which defines the commitments of both parties concerning the 1988 peace plan further obligation to comply with the relative Ala charter referendum campaign set up in Houston.

Thus the identification process was ongoing as of December 3, 1997 after the Polisario had accepted the conditions for the referendum which was scheduled for December 7, 1998, the date set by the Secretary General of the United Nations after having been postponed five times.

Given the difficulties that hung on the United Nations settlement plan, and the process of identifying eligible to participate in the referendum, the UN adopted resolution 1309 of 25 July 2000 and which emphasizes the importance of resort to a political solution as one of the options that could be accepted by the parties concerned, and thus help to overcome the problems of the referendum process, including the identification. The UN was finally convinced of the failure and inability to organize the referendum, which is based on the identification of the electoral coprs.

In 2007 and after that the situation was in deadlock, Morocco presented an autonomy project that the result of a consultative process at the national and local levels with the involvement of all Moroccan forces, elected the Saharawi citizens through the Consultative Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS). This project stands out as fair and realistic solution to the Sahara issue, was welcomed by several countries.

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