Allergic Reactions: Types, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment.
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The term allergy refers to an Hypersensitivity reaction where to the injurious consequences in the sensitized host, following subsequent contact with specific antigen.
Following an antigen contact, hypersensitivity may occur immediately or after few days. It may results from abnormality of either humoral or cell mediated immune response.
Types of Allergic reactions
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction;
These reactions occurs immediately, within few minutes to few hours of antigen contact, as a result of abnormal exaggerated humoral response. It is further classified as 1. Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction -IgE antibody mediated
2. Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction-IgG Antibody mediated
3.Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction- Complex mediated reaction
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction;
It occurs after few days of antigen contact, as a result of abnormal immune response. it is mediated by TH Cells called delayed hypersensitivity T cells or TDTH Cells.
Causes of Allergic reactions
Hay fever, also called allergic rhinitis, can cause:
Sneezing
Itching of nose, eyes, or roof of mouth
Runny or stuffy nose
Watery, Red, swollen eye
A food allergy causes
Tingling in the mouth
Swelling of lips, tongue, face, throat
Hives
A Drug allergy Causes
Hives
Anaphylaxis
Wheezing
Rash
Facial swelling
Rash
Symptoms of Allergic reaction
Breathlessness
Hypotension
Shock leading to death sometimes
Type 2 Allergic reactions
Auto immune hemolytic anemia
Auto immune thrombocytopenia
Certain blood transfusion
erythroblastosis fetalis
Type 3 Allergic reactions
chills
Fever
Rash
Urticaria
Arthritis
Treatment:
Avoidance of contact with known allergens such as Dust, House pets, Allergic foods.
Hyposensitization i.e repeated exposure to same allergen can reduce the allergy.
Several drugs are useful in suppressing type 1 response.
Treatment for drug allergy includes discontinuing the medication of Drugs but affects other conditions
Anti histamine drugs treat mild reaction of food allergies but they may be not so effective.
Avoiding and discontinuing irritant or allergen should allow rash to clear in two or four weeks but creams and medications and moisturizers helps in reducing itching.
