
Last year, Microsoft announced Project Natick to explore the feasibility of underwater data centers. The company separated the project into the following phases:
Phase 1 of Project Natick showed the underwater datacenter concept is feasible; Phase 2 is focused on researching whether the concept is logistically, environmentally and economically practical. -Microsoft
For those who are unfamiliar with data centers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) provides the following definition in their “United States Data Center Energy Usage Report”:
Data centers primarily contain electronic equipment used for data processing (servers), data storage (storage equipment), and communications (network equipment). Collectively, this equipment processes, stores, and transmits digital information and is known as “information technology” (IT) equipment. Data centers also usually contain specialized power conversion and backup equipment to maintain reliable, high-quality, power as well as environmental control equipment to maintain the proper temperature and humidity for the IT equipment. …

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms will continue to unlock innovations that increase the efficiency and productivity of humanity. The fields of AI and ML are broad with myriad use cases. In some cases, human control will be turned over completely to machines powered by AI and ML, whereas others will leverage the benefits offered by machines assisting humans. For the purposes of this discussion, AI and ML use cases will be grouped into the two high-level categories below:
Category 1
Humans are replaced: humans relinquish control of a task completely to machines.
Category 2
Humans are enhanced: machines assist humans with completing a task. …

We’re in a new golden age for space exploration where governments and private corporations are all jockeying for position in the future of space. NASA just announced its Artemis program to return to the Moon, and the program will serve as the first step of the agency’s plan to reach Mars (reference the figure below). Additionally, the United States (U.S.) government challenged the agency to reach the Moon by 2024, and they accepted.

Due to the therapeutic benefits being claimed, treatments via infrared (IR) saunas are increasing. As such, there are a growing number of publications and articles (such as this one) explaining the technology and its potential. The Mayo Clinic states the following regarding IR saunas:
An infrared sauna is a type of sauna that uses light to create heat. This type of sauna is sometimes called a far-infrared sauna — “far” describes where the infrared waves fall on the light spectrum. A traditional sauna uses heat to warm the air, which in turn warms your body. …

Our humble Sun has been powering our solar system for billions of years and fuels life here on Earth. The Earth receives more energy from the Sun in one and a half hours than the total amount of energy consumed worldwide in a year. The energy we receive from the Sun is in the form of electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic fields (EMF) called solar radiation, which is comprised of visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and infrared (IR) light. The collection of these light waves, transmitted and delivered to Earth’s surface, is what we generically refer to as ‘sunlight.’ …

Although human populations are concentrating in urban areas surrounded by concrete and buildings, humanity remains tethered to nature. How we treat the environment affects us persistently via unavoidable feedback loops. Microplastic concentration levels are rapidly rising in our oceans and freshwater sources (lakes, rivers, streams, etc.) which is giving rise to significant consequences. Microplastics adversely affect all animal species, including humans.
Microplastics in the water supply directly affect marine life (fish, shellfish, shrimp, etc.) by altering their normal bodily functions due to microplastic toxicity. Additionally, humans are at risk of microplastic toxicity as well after we consume marine life with elevated microplastic levels. …

Talking about climate change can be a difficult discussion to have with those closest to us. Climate change is a momentous issue to those who understand it poses an existential threat to posterity. On the other side, climate change deniers are the residual effect of the well-funded, decades-long misinformation campaigns and government lobbying efforts by the fossil fuel industry (Big Oil) to protect their business model. Big Oil knew about climate change, and they made a calculated decision on how they wanted to survive.
You don’t have to be an activist, scientist, chemist, or an engineer to discuss climate change. The only prerequisite is being an informed citizen that’s concerned about future generations. The goal of this article is to arm the reader with a straightforward beginner’s guide that the everyday person can use to navigate this discussion. …

Electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic fields (EMF) are ubiquitous in our environment and onerous to avoid. EMF occur both naturally (e.g., visible light from our sun) and artificially (light from an LED; communication waves for AM/FM radio, smartphones, and Wi-Fi routers; x-rays for medical examinations; gamma-rays emitted from a thermonuclear reaction; etc.). A significant portion of the artificial EMF created is invisible to the human eye — humans cannot “see” it in the traditional sense. But like visible light is to a person affected by blindness, just because we can’t see artificial EMF doesn’t mean it’s not present.
A person who is blind can still feel (physically observe and measure) the warmth of visible light radiation emitted from our sun even though they cannot see it via their eyes. Humans routinely interact with and feel the effects of invisible, natural EMF light every day. We can receive a sunburn from ultraviolet (UV) light or a heat burn from infrared (IR) light even though we can’t see these forms of EMF. Humans are blind to UV and IR EMF as well as any other form of EMF that isn’t visible light. However, our experience with UV and IR demonstrates that even though we cannot see a specific form of EMF, we can still be affected. …

The terms liberal and liberalism have different meanings depending on the context and what aspect(s) of a free society one is referring to when using the terms. Today, in the United States (U.S.), a paradox may arise when saying someone who believes in free markets and private ownership believes in liberal principles. To the informed this is not a paradox, it simply makes sense. In other words, a free society like the U.S., is, in fact, a liberal society.
The reason for the paradox is that free markets and private ownership are associated with capitalism and are typical talking points of right-wing political parties (e.g., Republican Party, USA). Whereas, “liberal” is synonymous with being associated with left-wing politics (e.g., Democratic Party, USA). Such confusion arises from the three different definitions of liberal for the characteristics of a given free society. The confusion is simply a lack of understanding of what comprises a free society and a (broad brushstroke) misappropriation of the term liberal for political means, which can result in polarization. …

Will artificial intelligence (AI) produce a “useless” class of people that have no value to offer society? This is a possibility that Yuval Noah Harari warns about in his book Homo Deus as well as during a presentation “The Future of Humanity.” Harari explains that initiatives of the past previously required massive numbers of individuals, such as industrialization and waging wars, to function properly and for civilization to achieve progress. Whereas, 21st-century technologies could deemphasize and eliminate the need for the individual. …

About