Basic knowledge of fertilizer.

Ong Biển OBI
Aug 25, 2017 · 6 min read
  1. Fertilizer concept:

Fertilizers are the common names of substances or compounds containing one or more essential mineral nutrients that are applied to the soil and sprayed on the leaves for the purpose of providing nutrients (food) to the plant. High yield, good quality or change in soil properties to make the land fertile, fertile, ….
2.Category:
Fertilizers are divided into two main categories: inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer.

2.1. Inorganic fertilizers
Inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) Artwork

Inorganic fertilizers (fertilizers) are fertilizers in the form of mineral salts produced by industrial processes that are applied to plants containing essential nutrients necessary to provide nutrients to facilitate The plant grows and grows well.

A.Inorganic fertilizer classification:
Inorganic fertilizers are divided into groups: single manure and mixed fertilizer.
Single fertilizer is a fertilizer containing only one mineral nutrient, N (N), L (P) or K (K).
- Compost fertilizers are fertilizers containing 2 or more mineral nutrients such as NPK fertilizer; BICYCLE; ….

The disadvantage of inorganic fertilizer:

*Advantage :
- High nutritional rate, fast and easy to dissolve, easy to absorb.
*Disadvantages
- Ingredients contain less nutritional elements for plants.
- Easy to evaporate, quickly dissolve, easy to wash away, causing loss of fertilizer and waste of money.
- Fertile for many years, fertilizing soil will be degraded, hardened, pH reduced to sour soil, accumulate some heavy metals in the soil.
- Destroy reduces the density of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. Polluting the environment.
- Excess toxic chemicals that affect human health and livestock.
- Fertilizer is a fast-growing, but not sustainable, crop.

2.2 Organic Fertilizer

Organic fertilizer bee sea 3 specialized pepper
A bio-organic fertilizer that specializes in pepper

Organic fertilizers are organic compounds used in agricultural cultivation derived from faecal matter, leaves, branches, kitchen waste, livestock, wastes, and wastes from marine plants. Seafood, peat, etc., to provide humus substances, organic substances to increase soil fertility and fertility and provide essential nutrients for plant growth and development.
Organic fertilizers contain the full range of nutrients that are needed to fertilize crops without the use of a mineral fertilizer (chemical fertilizers).

A. Organic Fertilizer Classification:
Organic fertilizers are divided into two groups: traditional organic fertilizers and industrial organic compost.

- Traditional organic fertilizers are fertilizers derived from animal by-products, by-products of agriculture, and so on. They are processed by media methods such as manure, garbage, green manure.
- Organic Fertilizer Processing industry is a group of fertilizers processed from organic substances in an industrial process to produce better quality fertilizer products than inputs like organic fertilizers, Bio-organic fertilizer, organic micro-organism fertilizers, organic mineral fertilizers, micro-organism fertilizers, organic foliar fertilizers.

The disadvantages and disadvantages of organic fertilizer:

*Advantage :

- Contains many nutritional elements of minerals, medium, micro.

- Fertilizer, long time will improve soil, increase fertility, fertility, … make good soil, prevent erosion and wash off nutrients.

- Environmentally friendly and safe for human health.

- Supplement and promote beneficial microflora in the soil.

- Create sustainable development of crops and land.

- Increase the uptake of nutrients for plants.

- Increasing resistance to plant resistance to pests and adverse conditions.

*Disadvantages:
Some traditional organic fertilizers have a low nutritional content, are slow to use, and are often used in large quantities, difficult to transport. Particularly, fresh manure and unfertilized manure have the potential to carry some pathogens to plants and organisms (E. coli, samonella, worm eggs, etc.), causing human diseases and high environmental pollution. .

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the organic fertilizer processing industry has been born, has created good quality organic fertilizer products, necessary nutrient supply for plants, friendly With environment and safety with people.

Organic bee fertilizer improves soil fertility
Organic fertilizers help to improve the soil

3. Why fertilize the tree?

The proverb says, “The most water, the second, the needy, the four” or “The beauty of silk, good for the stool” has shown the important role of fertilizer for the growth and development of plants. , Which was founded by his father thousands of years ago.

Dragon fruit uses organic fertilizer for high efficiency
Dragon fruit gardens use organic fertilizers for high efficiency, wrong fruit

Plant roots absorb the nutrients they need from the soil to support the growth and development of the plant. However, land can not provide adequate nutrients for crops, even on fertile, fertile soils, the cultivation of the crop over a long period of time, the amount of nutrients in the soil is exhausted. Gradually, the land is increasingly degraded, discolored.

Therefore, it is necessary to use fertilizer to provide additional nutrients for plant growth, to grow well for a yielding crop and quality. In addition, the fertilizer also returns to the soil the nutrients that the crop has taken away, ensuring that the soil is not malnourished for the next crop can provide nutrients for the plant to grow, grow and function. Productivity.

4. Mineral nutrition is weak

Plants as well as humans, plants always need food during the growth and development. The plant absorbs nutrients from the soil and fertilizes its own life. Essential nutrients needed for plants are divided into three groups:

Multiply is the main nutrient that plants use in large amounts to support their growth and development, including three nutritional elements: N (N), L (P), K (K) ).

Medium-sized group: a group of plant nutrients used in moderation, including nutrients: sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg).

The micronutrients group consists of nutrients: copper, manganese, iron, boron, chlorine, molybdenum. small.

4. Role some essential nutrients with plants

A. The role of macronutrients:

Damn)

It is an important component that plants need most, involved in the structure of organic substances such as proteins, chlorophyll, nucleic acids, enzymes, etc.
Promote the growth and development of crops such as germination, young leaves, young shoots, growth of the fruit, … and decide on the productivity and quality of agricultural products.

Lan (P)

Lan plays a central role in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. The main constituents of substances such as ATP, ADP, and also involved in the composition of substances such as proteins, nucleic, chromosomes.
It is necessary for cell division, root growth, flower sprouting, fruit development, etc. to increase tolerance to drought.

Kali (K)

Act as a catalyst involved in photosynthesis, respiration, synthesis of substances, transport and accumulation of dry matter products of photosynthesis from leaf to fruit or storage.
Adjust pH, increase penetration of substances through the membrane.
Increased resistance to pests, resistance to unfavorable weather conditions.

Pepper uses organic fertilizer
Pepper uses organic fertilizer to produce high quality agricultural products

B.Roles of secondary substances:

Sulfur (S)

It is the fourth essential element after N, P, K. Get involved in protein composition and some amino acids.
Promote photosynthesis, participate in chlorophyll structure. Decided to create flavors for onions, garlic, …
Increases the anti-cold, anti-grain, accelerates the ripening of seeds and fruits.

Calcium (Ca)

Involved largely in the structure of the cell wall.
Enhance rooting and blooming. Promotes the transport of glutamic acid and plant metabolism. Maintain the balance of the external environment, limiting water uptake to help plants tolerate transient water.

Magnesium (Mg)

Playing an important role in photosynthesis and synthesis of substances, involved in the formation of chlorophyll.
Regulates pH, essential for protein synthesis, lipid formation, promotes the uptake and transport of phosphorus. Engage in ingredients or stimulate the activity of many yeasts.

Silicon (Si)

Increases the ability of photosynthesis, straightening of the leaves, better absorption of light.
Help with hardwood restriction and some insecticides such as leaf rollers, stem borers … increase the efficiency of using P and N, increasing crop yield.

The role of micronutrients:

Zinc (Zn): stimulates photosynthesis, respiration, organic synthesis. Increased resistance to drought. Promotes seed formation and development.

Iron (Fe): Essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll, organic substances. It is a component of many enzymes in the metabolism of chromium

Copper (Cu): Involved in photosynthesis, respiration, synthesis of nutrients, increase the resistance of plants.

Manganese (Mn): Involved in photosynthesis, synthesis of organic matter, transport of gluxit, germination of flowers, fruit …

Bo (B): Influence the process of formation, transport of substances, … regulate nitrogen in the tree.

Molipen (Mo): promotes fixation and protein transfer in plants. It is a component of many enzymes catalyzed respiratory processes, photosynthesis, …

Chlorine (Cl): Stimulates some enzymes that affect cellular water retention and carbohydrate metabolism, contributes to the structure of some auxin stimulating growth.

Inorganic fertilizers have many advantages in cultivation, but for long-term use, large area … farmers should use organic fertilizer to improve the cultivation land efficiency, ensure the organic agriculture. Sustainable, environmentally friendly and human health.

See more articles on crop cultivation here

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