The concept of inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer)

Ong Biển OBI
Aug 25, 2017 · 7 min read

I. The concept of inorganic fertilizer

Inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizers), also known as mineral fertilizers, chemical fertilizers are inorganic (chemical) substances containing from one or more essential nutrients in the form of mineral salt applied The soil provides nutrients for plants.

I. bill
Fertilizer is the common name for fertilizers that have only one nutrient element (protein, potassium or phosphorus).
The fertilizer consists of the following three types: nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer.

1. Nitrogenous fertilizer
These are fertilizer products containing protein (N) supplied to plants.
A.Please
The formula is [CO (NH2) 2], which contains 45–47% N (N), crystalline, round, white, is the most common nitrogen fertilizer, accounting for 2/3 of the nitrogenous fertilizers produced. And consume the world. It is a fertilizer with a high protein content, easy to use, quickly dissolved in water to NH4 + (ammonium) and NO3- (Nitrate) for easy absorption and use.
Volatile and washed away, dissolving quickly should also lose and lose protein.
Excessive application of plant protein will be weak, susceptible to pest and disease, easy to fall and pollute the environment. There are also residues of nitrite (NO3-) in agricultural products that are harmful to human health.
B. Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), a white crystalline form, is a fertilizer that contains both nitrogenous (NH4 + and NO3-) fertilizers that are easy to absorb and use, with a protein content of 34–35%. Suitable for a wide variety of shallow plants.
Ammonium nitrate is difficult to preserve, difficult to use due to easy lumping, easy to water and quickly dissolved in water. As sour physiological fertilizer should be at risk of acidity. Fertilizer in flooded environment is often lost so it is not effective.
C. Sulphate sulphate
Ammonium sulphate (NH4) 2SO4, also known as SA, is white crystalline, containing about 21% of the protein content in the form NH4 + (ammonium) an easily absorbed plant protein, which also contains From 23–25% sulfur wages (S).
Ammonium sulphate (SA) is suitable for crops that require high levels of sulfur, alkaline soil, low sulfur or sulfur.
Do not apply to the soil acid, saline, acidity, acidity, acidity will make the soil more sour. Low in nitrogen, costly to transport, so high cost. When applied to leaves leaves blast, fertilizing the soil with the number of many plants can not easily absorb nitrogen losses due to absorption by soil.
D.Amount of chloride
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is white solid crystalline, has a protein content of 25–26%, dissolves quickly, lumps, NH4 + (ammonium) so easy to use.
Watery disadvantage, less chlorine nitrogen, fertilizer to soil salinity accumulation and chlorine poisoning, acidity soil.
E.Natri nitrate
Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), N content 15–17%, soluble in water, easy to use in the form of NO3- (nitrate).
Feces are easy to wash away, low in protein, heavy and continuous application of sodium will cause the soil to harden.
F.Canxi nitrate
Calcium nitrate Ca (NO3) 2 crystalline white crystals, protein content 14–16%, Ca (calcium) 35–36%, suitable for acid soils, acid soil, increase pH, Limited lodging
Easily soluble, difficult to preserve, strong oxidation, explosion-prone when exposed to organic matter.
G.Canxi cyanamide
Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) has a protein content of 20–21%, suitable for degraded soils, alkaline soils, acidifying effect, acid sulfate.
Disadvantages burns, skin irritation should wear gloves when used, when the desiccant susceptible to metamorphic decreases the quality of fertilizer. Not used to spray on leaves.

2.Following
These are products of fertilizers containing phosphorus (P) supplied to plants
A.Prince super
Super phosphate (Ca (H2PO4) 2) powder blue gray, P2O5 content 17–20%, easy to dissolve into H2PO4 — so easily absorbed by plants and effective, suitable for A variety of plants.
On acidic soil, alum should be limited to super phosphate, can make the soil more sour.
B
Thick phosphate (Thermo phosphate) is a shiny, dark gray powder with 15–18% P2O5 content. Suitable fertilizer for soil alkaline, sour, sunken, color.
Do not apply to the alkaline soil, neutral alluvial soil.

3. Kali
Synthesize the fertilizers that provide the potassium element for the plant.
A. Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl) contains 55–60% K2O, which is the most potassium produced and consumed, accounting for 90–93% of potassium worldwide. Reddish-pink crystal powder. Pharmacists use a variety of plants on different soil types, helping to strengthen the plants, increase the quality and quality of agricultural products.
Applying potassium chloride many and continuous to make the soil sour, stool is sticky when it is wet so it is difficult to use. Do not use with some plants sensitive to chlorine as some raw materials, durian, …
B. Potassium sulphate
Potassium sulphate (K2SO4) has a K2O content of 48–50% and 15% sulfur, white, crystalline, water-soluble, non-hygroscopic and use for many plants. Plants with high sulfur needs such as oil, coffee, etc.
Applying potassium sulphate for a long time, the soil will be sour, not suitable for salt, acid, salt.

II.Mixed fertilizer
Mixed fertilizers are generally referred to as fertilizers containing two or more nutrients.
Mixed fertilizers are divided into two types: Inorganic and mixed mineral fertilizers.

1. Mix the mixture
Compost is a fertilizer containing two or more nutritional elements, produced by mixing several materials in the appropriate proportion and without chemical reactions between the materials. As NPK, NPK + TE, …

Advantages of composting: Contains many nutrients with different content depending on the growth stage of each plant and each plant, convenient to do not need to calculate the mix to balance such as single types, Simple production and processing cost less.
Disadvantage: Difficult to recognize the true fertilizer with fertilizer, the quality of fertilizer. Fertilizing and fertilizing in the long run have a negative impact on the soil.
2. Compound compound
Includes fertilizers containing two or more nutrients produced by combining the ingredients together to produce chemical reactions between the ingredients, the final product being a stable compound, Highly nutritious. Some types of compound fertilizers:
A Diamon Phosphate (DAP fertilizer)
There are two main nutrients: protein (N) 16–18% and phosphorus P2O5 44–46%, providing both nitrogen and phosphorus, suitable for basalt and alkaline soils.
Do not apply for tubers and on bare soil, lack of potassium, soil, sandy soil.
B. Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
Potassium nitrate is a complex potassium fertilizer, K2O content 45–46%, protein 13%, suitable to stimulate flowering plants.
High quality, expensive fertilizer.
C. Potassium phosphate complex
There are many types of mono potassium phosphate (KPO4), di potassium phosphate (K2PO4), … depending on the type of phosphorus and potassium varying, effective for many types of plants, which help to flower out early and in bulk.
However, the cost of high potassium phosphate fertilizer.

III.Particle

Contains one or more secondary nutrients, which are the main constituents of the fertilizer.
1. Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) .H2O) contains 16–18% Mg, abundant in natural mineral deposits.
Magnesium nitrate (Mg (NO3) 2.H2O) content of magnesium (Mg) accounts for 15–16%.
Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) Mg content of 45–48%, less water soluble.
There are also many types of magnesium such as magnesium oxide (MgO); Magnesium kali sulphate (2MgSO4.K2SO4) ….
2. Calcium (Ca)
Calcium sulphate (CaSO4.H2O), also known as gypsum, accounts for 32% of calcium. Apply directly to a variety of plants or as an additive for the fertilizer industry.
Dolomite (CaCO3.MgCO3) has calcium (CaO) content of 30–32% and 16–20% magnesium (MgO).
3. fluorescent
Some sulfur-containing fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate ((Nh4) 2SO4 contain 24% S); Phosphate ore (containing 8–16% S); Potassium sulphate (K2SO4, containing 18% S);

IV.Pharmacy
Including fertilizers containing additional micro-nutrients (TE) provided to plants.
Zinc fertilizers (Zn) are fertilizers that provide zinc nutrition for plants such as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4, containing 21–23% Zn); Zinc oxide (ZnO, containing 60–80% Zn); Zinc chloride (ZnCl2, containing 45–52% Zn);
Iron (Fe) fertilizers are fertilizers that provide iron nutrition for plants such as iron sulphate (FeSO4, containing 20% ​​Fe); Iron Carbonate (FeCO3, containing 42% Fe); Ammonium sulphate (14% Fe);
Cow dung (Cu) is a fertilizer that provides plant nutrients such as copper sulphate (CuSO4, 25–26% Cu); Copper oxide (CuO contains 75% Cu);
Manganese (Mn) fertilizers are fertilizers that provide manganese nutrition to crops such as manganese sulphate (MnSO4, containing 25% Mn); Manganese oxide (MnO and MnO2, containing 63% Mn);
Bile waste (B) is a fertilizer that provides plant nutrients such as boric acid (H3PO4, containing 17% B); Sodium borate (Na2B4O7, not 11% B);
Molipode (Mo) fertilizer is a fertilizer that provides molybdenum nutrients to plants such as sodium molybdate (NaMoO4, 39% Mo); Ammonium molybdate ((NH4) 2Mo7O2, containing 54% Mo);
Chlorine (Cl) is a fertilizer that provides or replenishes clay, like KCl, NH4Cl, ….

V. Some negative effects of inorganic fertilizers on the environment and humans

Excessive fertilization, improper application of fertilizers, long-term fertilization and inorganic fertilizer abuse. Inorganic fertilizers have had negative impacts on the environment (soil depletion, pollution of the environment), people and useful organisms.

Land:
Soil depletion in the soil, there are many inorganic fertilizers (especially single fertilizers) do not provide, can not replace the micro-nutrients that are absorbed from the soil, land.
Fertilizing and fertilizing for long time inorganic fertilizers make the soil harden, discolor, reduce the pH of the soil, acidify the soil, accumulate some metals in the soil.
Kill beneficial microorganisms in the soil, causing biological imbalance.

Country :
Applying a lot of nitrogenous fertilizer with a quick dissolving in water, which leads to easy washing away into ponds, rivers, streams, splashing into groundwater, polluting water sources and water with high nitrate content. Harmful to aquatic organisms.

Air:
The use of inorganic and abundant fertilizers, especially nitrogenous fertilizers (N), by the process of evaporating some gases such as ammonia pollute the air.

Human:
Nitrogen residues in agricultural products, in the soil, in the country have a negative impact on human health, NO2- and NO3-which causes cancer, methaemoglobinemia, etc.

DAI NAM MANUFACTURING & TRADING CO., LTD
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