Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi (31 March 1865–26 February 1887) was the first Indian woman doctor of Western medicine. She was the first woman from the then Bombay Presidency of India to study and graduate with a two-year degree in Western medicine in the United States. She was also known as Anandibai Joshi and Anandi Gopal Joshi (where Gopal came from her husband’s maiden name, Gopalrao).

Due to pressure from her mother, she was married at the age of nine to Gopalrao Joshi, a widower nearly twenty years her senior.
At the age of fourteen, Anandibai gave birth to a boy, but due to lack of medical attention, the child lived only for a total of ten days. This proved to be a turning point in Anandi’s life and inspired her to become a doctor.
Her husband encouraged her to study medicine.