Introduction to IoT Week-1 : SUMMARY
If you’re just starting out, this is the perfect place to begin. IoT may seem complex at first, but we’ll break it down for you :)
Without wasting much of your time let’s get onto the Week-1.
Iot is a network of physical obejcts that contain embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or external environment.
Iot has applications in almost every field. Some of the examples are Smart parking, traffic congestion, air pollution, fire alarm, etc.
Some areas that are identified as IoT enablers are as follows: RFID, Nanotechnology, Sensors, and Smart Networks.
M2M refers to the interaction between machines and devices via a cloud computing infrastructure. It was introduced by telecommunication service providers.
However, IoT has a broader scope than M2M as it includes the notion of internet connectivity rather than the use of telecom networks.
SENSORS: It detects (senses) changes in the ambient conditions or in the state of another device or a system, and forwards or processes this information in a certain manner.
TRANSDUCERS: They convert or transduce energy of one kind into another. For example, a microphone (input device) converts sound waves into electrical signals. The term “Transducer” is collectively used for Sensors and Actuators.
There are different types of sensors such as pressure sensor, ultrasonic distance sensor, analog temperature sensor, infrared motion sensor, camera sensor, etc.
But we’ll classify sensors on the basis of Output and Data Type.
Thus, on the basis of Output we have Analog and Digital signals whereas on the basis of Data Type we have Scalar and Vector signals.
Analog Sensors: Produce a continuos output signal which is generally proportional to the quantity being measured such as temperature, pressure are al analog quantities.
Digital Sensors: Produce a discrete digital output signals or voltages that are a digital representation of the quantity being measured. It produces a binary output (0 or 1).
Scalar Sensors: Produce output signals or voltage which is generally proportional to the magnitude of the quantity being measured such as temperature, pressure, strain, etc.
Vector Sensors: Produce output signal or voltage which is generally propotional to the magnitude, direction, as well as the orientation of the quantity being measured such as sound, image, velocity are all vector quantities.
OFFSET ERROR or BIAS: Output signal differs from the correct value by a constant.
NONLINEARITY: Deviation of a sensor’s transfer function (TF) from a straight line transfer function (TF).
DRIFT: Output signal slowly changes independent of the measured property.
NOISE: Random deviation of the signal that varies in time.
ACTUATION: Refers to the process where a component, known as an actuator, is responsible for moving or controlling a machine or system. An actuator acts upon its environment by converting energy into mechanical motion when it receives a control signal and a source of energy.
There are a few types of actuators which include Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Electric, Thermal/Magnetic, and Mechanical actuators.
Device, Loacl Network, Internet, Backend Services and Application sums up to the five components of IoT.
Service Oriented Architecture of IoT:
IoT GATEWAY: They have key responsibilities including providing internet connectivity and facilitating intra-connectivity within the IoT LAN by obtaining upstream address prefixes through methods like DHCPv6 and delegate these addresses to nodes using stateless addressing (SLAAC). Also, they maintain local unique (LU) addresses separately from globally routable addresses, which is important when internal address stability is a primary consideration.
Week 1 has laid the foundation for your IoT journey. In the upcoming weeks, we’ll explore IoT’s various dimensions, from devices to backend services and applications. As we continue through this 12-week series, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of IoT’s vast landscape and its transformative potential.
So, get ready to embark on this IoT adventure with us. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned enthusiast, there’s something for everyone in this series. Week 1 was just the beginning, and we can’t wait to delve deeper into the intricacies of the Internet of Things.
Stay tuned for the upcoming blogs, and let’s continue this exciting journey together!
