Pulse Oximetry: Purpose, Uses, And How To Take A Reading
Pulse oximetry is a simple yet crucial medical tool that measures the oxygen saturation in your blood. It has gained significant attention, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its uses go far beyond monitoring respiratory illnesses. In this blog, we will explore the purpose and various applications of pulse oximetry and provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to take a reading.
Understanding Pulse Oximetry
Pulse oximetry, often referred to as “pulse ox,” is a non-invasive method of monitoring the oxygen levels in your blood. It works by emitting two different wavelengths of light, usually red and infrared, through a sensor placed on a thin part of your body, typically a finger or earlobe. Blood that is oxygen-rich absorbs more infrared light and allows more red light to pass through. Conversely, oxygen-depleted blood absorbs more red light and allows more infrared light to pass. By measuring the ratio of absorbed red and infrared light, a pulse oximeter can determine the percentage of oxygen saturation in your blood.
The Purpose of Pulse Oximetry
1. Monitoring Respiratory Conditions: One of the primary purposes of pulse oximetry is to assess respiratory health. It helps doctors diagnose and manage conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. It is also used to monitor patients during surgeries and in the intensive care unit (ICU) to ensure they are receiving enough oxygen.
2. COVID-19 Monitoring: During the COVID-19 pandemic, pulse oximeters gained widespread attention as a tool to monitor oxygen levels at home. Low oxygen saturation levels can be an early sign of severe COVID-19, prompting individuals to seek medical attention.
3. Exercise and Altitude: Athletes and individuals engaged in high-altitude activities, such as mountaineering, use pulse oximetry to monitor oxygen levels and adjust their training or ascent accordingly.
4. Sleep Apnea Management: Patients with sleep apnea can benefit from overnight pulse oximetry to assess the effectiveness of treatments like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy.
5. Monitoring Chronic Illness: People with chronic illnesses like heart disease, diabetes, or lung disease may use pulse oximetry at home to track their oxygen levels and alert them to potential issues.
How to Take a Pulse Oximetry Reading
Taking a pulse oximetry reading is a straightforward process. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Prepare the Equipment
- Ensure your pulse oximeter is clean and in good working condition.
- Make sure your hands or the area where you’ll attach the sensor are clean and warm.
Step 2: Insert Your Finger or Place the Sensor
- Insert your finger into the pulse oximeter or attach the sensor to your earlobe, fingertip, or another approved location.
- Wait for the device to display your oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate.
Step 3: Read and Record the Results
- The pulse oximeter will display your oxygen saturation as a percentage and your pulse rate in beats per minute.
- Record these values and note any significant changes from previous readings.
Step 4: Interpret the Results
- A normal oxygen saturation level is typically between 95% and 100%. However, the acceptable range may vary based on your individual health and specific circumstances.
- Consult a healthcare professional if your oxygen saturation falls below your baseline or below 90%.
Pulse oximetry is a valuable tool for monitoring your health, especially during times when respiratory health is a concern. Regularly tracking your oxygen saturation can help you and your healthcare provider detect potential issues early and take appropriate action. Remember that while pulse oximeters are convenient and informative, they should not replace professional medical advice and evaluation when needed.