Migration For Education In India
Not always the subjects or higher education but linguistic factor and cost of education plays a huge role in migration
There are four migration streams: rural-rural, rural-urban, urban-rural and urban-urban. Further, the stream can be intra-district, intra-state and inter-state. India is far from being a 100 percent literate country .
States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa which have a large concentration of poor have historically have had higher levels of fertility and low levels of literacy. These states also account of a large proportion of India‟s population. Given that access to quality primary and secondary schools in these states is a problem it is not surprising that these states also have a shortage of institutes of higher learning . This leads to an out flow of human capital to other states/regions. However it ,This issue has been highlighted in official statistics and also reports published to analyze states performance in secondary and higher education in India (Government of India 2011c, NUEPA 2012). These reports show that should also be noted that there is considerable intra-state movement in all the states. Only 17 percent of migration on account of education is inter-state in nature while 45 percent of migration is across districts of the same state. This is understandable since within each state there are cities with institutes of higher learning. Due to data limitations we are not able to address whether individuals who migrated to another state for purpose of education return to the original place of residence. In addition to ramping up access to educational institutions along the breadth and width of the country it is also important that state governments take appropriate measures to retain skilled labor force.
Women migrating for education:
Many more girls are moving out of their states in search of education, while the number of boys migrating within states for education in the nine years preceding the census grew by 13%, jump for girls was 4 times higher. Women do not get enough opportunities when they stay at home especially if it is a rural area. They migrate in order to find higher education and employment.
Language source
We view the language resources that individuals bring to the learning environment as an opportunity for celebrating multilingualism and diversity, both in the classroom and community more broadly, and for opening up understanding and dialogue as children and adults encounter one another. This special issue aims to shed light on the phenomenon of education and migration by foregrounding languages.
Not being able to find subjects particularly wanting to study in the universal language English is also a main factor for the migration from one country to another. It is not always about the higher education or the subjects, the cost of living, quality and educational cost play a major role in the migration for foreign countries to India.
CASE STUDY:
(1.) Zahra Ayaz, 21 studying in Dayanand Sagar University migrated from Bahrain to India (Bangalore)
Interview: click here
(2.) Muskan Dahal, 20 studying in Dayanand Sagar University migrated from Nepal to India(Bangalore)
Podcast: click here
The three main elements affecting migration are wages, and quality of education and unavailability of the universal language English. It should be stressed that the countries with the highest-quality education are not necessarily those with high wages. Therefore there is a need to explore whether it is quality of higher education or wage levels that determine the direction of student flows. It should be kept in mind that not everyone understands a foreign language and English should be a basic medium of communication and education.