Ursula von der Leyen reelected: prospects and challenges for the European Union in the new mandate
Ursula von der Leyen’s reelection as President of the European Commission in July 2024 marks a pivotal moment for the European Union amid a landscape fraught with economic, geopolitical and social challenges. Her continuation at the helm reflects a leadership adept at navigating crises and reforms, while retaining the support of member states and political factions, all while addressing the tensions and expectations of a rapidly evolving Europe.
The lead-up to von der Leyen’s reelection was underscored by significant complexities. During her initial term, she contended with the COVID-19 pandemic, which tested both the EU’s health response and its internal cohesion. The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has intensified geopolitical strains, while the migration and economic crises have fueled internal concerns and divided public opinion. The rise of populist movements and increasing polarization further complicated the political milieu.
A cornerstone of von der Leyen’s first term was the European Green Deal — an ambitious initiative aimed at establishing Europe as the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050. This program encompasses substantial investments in renewable energy, circular economy policies, and rigorous measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The tangible progress achieved, including the adoption of stringent sustainability standards and accelerated green projects, has solidified her support and underscored the effectiveness of her agenda.
Moreover, von der Leyen played a crucial role in managing the EU’s pandemic response, overseeing the acquisition and distribution of vaccines. Her adept coordination of vaccination policies and equitable distribution across member states showcased her crisis management skills and positively influenced public perception of her leadership.
Nonetheless, von der Leyen’s second term will be fraught with challenges. The persistent war in Ukraine remains a central concern, necessitating a nuanced balance between supporting Ukraine and managing relations with Russia. The European Commission must continue to uphold sanctions and support collective defense policies, while addressing the economic and humanitarian impacts of the conflict.
The migration crisis and foreign policy issues will remain equally complex. The urgent need for a fair and coordinated migration policy has become more pronounced, with divergent positions among member states. Von der Leyen will need to navigate these differences and work towards a cohesive and humanitarian response to ongoing challenges.
The internal political landscape of the EU is marked by rising polarization and the emergence of populist and nationalist movements. Von der Leyen’s leadership will be crucial in addressing these divisions and fostering greater cohesion among member states. The criticisms of EU management and tensions between different political factions represent significant obstacles. Her ability to mediate between conflicting positions and forge strategic alliances will be essential for advancing her policy objectives.
Reactions to von der Leyen’s reelection have been varied. Charles Michel, President of the European Council, expressed support, noting that “continuity in leadership is crucial for addressing global challenges and ensuring that the EU remains a prominent player on the world stage.” In contrast, Marine Le Pen, leader of the Rassemblement National, criticized the reelection, asserting that “under her leadership, the EU has become too detached from the real issues facing citizens.”
Opinions among Members of the European Parliament have also diverged. The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats largely welcomed the reelection, praising her commitment to environmental sustainability and pandemic response. The Greens particularly applauded her dedication to the Green Deal, while the Identity and Democracy group criticized her policies as overly centralized and disconnected from local needs.
European public opinion reflects a blend of support and skepticism. According to a Eurobarometer survey, 45% of European citizens view von der Leyen’s leadership as effective in managing global crises, while 35% express concerns about her ability to address internal divisions and economic challenges. The remaining 20% remain uncertain or neutral.
Looking forward, von der Leyen has outlined key objectives, including enhancing European integration, strengthening the EU’s economic resilience, and adopting a more assertive foreign policy stance. She has pledged to continue supporting technological innovation and digitalization, with a particular focus on challenges posed by the digital economy and cybersecurity. Energy security is also a priority, addressing global tensions and vulnerabilities in the energy and natural resource sectors.
Von der Leyen will need to address the challenge of unifying member states, overcoming internal divisions and promoting greater integration. Her skill in mediating between diverse political positions and building strategic alliances will be crucial for the success of her policies.
Finally, von der Leyen’s reelection will have significant implications for the EU’s global role. Her leadership will shape the EU’s position in international relations, especially with major powers like the United States and China. Her ability to navigate these relationships and advance European interests in a dynamic global context will be vital for maintaining the EU’s status as a resilient and influential global actor.
In summary, Ursula von der Leyen’s reelection as President of the European Commission represents a moment of continuity and opportunity for the European Union. As she prepares to confront new challenges and pursue her goals, von der Leyen will need to demonstrate her capability to lead the EU through a period of global transformation and complexity, ensuring cohesion among member states and reinforcing Europe’s role on the world stage. Her leadership will be instrumental in shaping the future of the European Union and securing its position as a unified and influential entity in the international arena.
Rosmaura Rainò Dambrosio
