Raphael Klarfeld

…broken-down relationship with reality. If you’re not a “capitalist”, then you must be a “socialist.” Never mind that those who believe this aren’t capitalists to begin with — they’re just proles who’ve been deluded into believing their self-interest isn’t their own. It’s a bipolar, black-and-white, all-or-nothing fracturing — like all taboos produce. But the truth, is like most people in the world, especially other rich countries, you can be part capitalist and part socialist — and that is what sanity and reason both lead to. You can believe in public healthcare and retirement and maternity leave — and your neighborhood bar …

The particles and antiparticles of the Standard Model have now all been directly detected, with the last holdout, the Higgs Boson, falling at the LHC earlier this decade. All of these particles can be created at LHC energies, but they could be created in greater abundances and with better-measurable properties in a next-generation electron-positron collider. (E. SIEGEL / BEYOND THE GALAXY)

Electrons and positrons are almost 2000 times lighter than protons, which means they can get far closer to the speed of light than protons can at the same energy. LEP accelerated electrons up to maximum energies of 104.5 GeV, which translates to a speed of 299,792,457.9964 meters per second. At the LHC, protons reach far greater energies: 6.5 TeV apiece, or some 60 times greater than LEP’s energies. But their speed is just 299,792,455 m/s. They’re far slower.