Just wondering where highly specialised scientific systems fit into this model. I work with meteorological forecasting and visualisation systems that are continually evolving as forecasters demand more functionality in the applications they use to streamline their forecasting processes. I don’t see how development by GUI using pre-existing software building blocks and frameworks could meet all the requirements of these complex decision making systems. Or maybe this is the fun and novel aspect of software engineering where one has to resort to actual coding to provide the novel functionality.