Decoding the Complexity of ‘Inception’

Rob Hestand
9 min readSep 4, 2023

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When ‘Inception’ rolled into theaters back in 2010, it wasn’t just another movie; it was an event. Christopher Nolan had not only conceived an idea but had dared to execute it in a way that was novel and intellectually demanding. Remember the buzz that surrounded this film? Right from the marketing gimmicks to the public’s fascination, it was evident that ‘Inception’ was not your ordinary popcorn flick. It was, in all its glory, a masterclass in complex screenwriting.

For the uninitiated, ‘Inception’ explores the theme of dreams and reality by plunging its characters into multi-layered dreams to plant or extract information. With its intricate screenplay structure, the movie spins a tapestry of storytelling that goes beyond the traditional three-act structure, offering a treasure trove of writing tips for both budding and seasoned screenwriters.

Christopher Nolan, the mind behind this feat, has often been praised for his ability to merge blockbuster entertainment with philosophical depth. His filmography contains a litany of works like ‘Memento,’ ‘The Prestige,’ and ‘The Dark Knight,’ that dare to question the established norms of storytelling. However, ‘Inception’ stands as a sort of magnum opus in this regard. From the moment Cobb spins that top in the opening scene to the dramatic airport reunion at the end, the movie serves as a relentless exercise in audience engagement and narrative complexity.

But what makes ‘Inception’ so compelling from a screenwriting perspective? Well, for starters, the screenplay tosses the audience into a labyrinthine maze, one that’s as complex as it is fascinating. Yet, it never loses the viewer, a feat that attests to Nolan’s narrative prowess. In the words of Syd Field, the “plot point” should arrive at a precise moment to propel the story forward. ‘Inception’ perfects this by consistently keeping the audience on their toes, making it an essential study material for anyone invested in writing a screenplay.

Then there’s the concept of “world-building.” While many movies provide a sense of place and time, ‘Inception’ constructs an entirely new paradigm: the architecture of the mind. This meticulous crafting of an unfamiliar world, complete with its own set of rules and logic, makes the screenplay itself a study in advanced world-building techniques. This invites viewers not only to suspend disbelief but to engage actively in the unfolding drama, making it an excellent material for those who want to improve writing skills.

While world-building provides the setting, the stakes in the screenplay up the ante. ‘Inception’ isn’t just about stealing secrets or implanting ideas; it’s about redemption, guilt, and catharsis. As Cobb maneuvers through layers of dreams to find solace, the personal stakes rise, intersecting seamlessly with the larger plot. As every screenwriting guru will tell you, the key to a compelling story lies in the stakes. The higher the stakes, the more involved the audience becomes. If you ever wondered how to escalate tension in your screenplay, you might want to dissect how ‘Inception’ handles its stakes.

Another standout element that enriches the complexity of ‘Inception’ is its treatment of themes and motifs. The recurring images of spinning tops, wedding rings, and even the simple act of falling are not just cinematic tools but also thematic symbols woven intricately into the screenplay. These motifs serve as echoes, enhancing both the movie’s narrative depth and emotional impact. Such layers of symbolism offer great writing prompts for screenwriters to explore their own thematic preoccupations in their projects.

The innovative storytelling techniques used in ‘Inception’ make it a wellspring of inspiration for any writer who aims to move beyond the conventional. It shows us that cinema, at its best, can be an arena where intellect and emotion coalesce into a finely-tuned narrative machine. The screenplay provides not just a captivating story but also a roadmap for how to construct an intricate, multi-layered narrative without losing your audience or sacrificing emotional depth.

The Narrative Threads: Interweaving Subplots and Character Arcs

Now let’s talk about something that often frightens even the most experienced writers-juggling multiple subplots and character arcs without causing narrative chaos. If you’ve ever felt intimidated by this, you need to take a closer look at ‘Inception.’ Christopher Nolan crafts multiple subplots and arcs in a way that not only makes sense but enhances the depth and complexity of the overall narrative.

In a typical screenplay, you might have one or two subplots supporting the main story, maybe a romantic angle or a friendship gone awry. But in ‘Inception,’ each character comes with a unique story and goal. Ariadne, the “architect,” wants to understand Cobb’s fractured mind; Eames, the “forger,” focuses on perfecting his impersonations; Arthur, the “point man,” aspires to manage the perfect heist. All these goals build toward the collective objective of inception, of planting an idea into the mind of their target, Fischer.

In writing terms, this structure involves the delicate art of weaving subplots into the main plot, without losing focus or momentum. As each subplot unfolds, it becomes a thread in the rich tapestry of the larger story. The integration is so seamless that the viewer barely registers the subplots as separate; instead, they become essential components of a unified narrative.

A key screenwriting tip here is balance-knowing how much weight to give to each subplot relative to the main plot. This is what Nolan does exceptionally well. No subplot overwhelms the central plot of inception; rather, each one amplifies it. If you find yourself struggling with the balancing act, examining how ‘Inception’ incorporates its subplots could offer some valuable insights.

But let’s not forget that a story is only as good as its characters. In ‘Inception,’ the characters are more than just placeholders; they are multi-dimensional beings with personal stakes. Cobb is not just a man skilled in extracting secrets; he’s a father wanting to return home, plagued by guilt over his wife’s death. This complex characterization enables Nolan to explore themes of love, guilt, and redemption within the screenplay structure, providing another layer of depth to the narrative. The impact of this characterization is so profound that it even sparked debates around whether Cobb’s motives are selfish or noble, a conversation that only accentuates the screenplay’s brilliance.

Moreover, these intricate character arcs are structured in a way that they intersect and converge at critical moments, effectively building tension and emotional investment. For instance, when Cobb confesses to Ariadne about the tragedy of his past, it isn’t just an isolated moment but a significant plot point that reverberates through the rest of the narrative. To use some jargon from the writing world, this is what you call a “payoff.” The emotional revelations serve as set-ups that pay off in crucial junctures of the screenplay, heightening audience engagement.

For those looking for writing tips on how to handle character arcs, especially in multi-layered stories, ‘Inception’ provides a masterclass. The arcs are clear but not predictable, complex but not confusing. Each arc is given a satisfying resolution, even if it’s not a conventionally happy one. Take Fischer, for example. His reconciliation with his father is not a mere afterthought; it’s a subplot that provides a counterpoint to Cobb’s storyline, ultimately serving the larger narrative.

Another notable aspect is how ‘Inception’ doesn’t just tell a story; it immerses the viewer in a thematic experience. Concepts of reality, subconscious fears, and human desires aren’t just lip service; they’re woven into the very fabric of the story. If you’re struggling with incorporating themes into your screenplay or searching for a writing prompt to start a thematic story, take a cue from ‘Inception.’ The themes here are not additional elements but foundational blocks that shape character actions and narrative flow.

Visual and Narrative Harmony: Crafting Memorable Scenes and Set Pieces

For any filmmaker or writer, the ultimate aspiration is to craft scenes that stay etched in the minds of the audience long after the credits roll. In ‘Inception,’ each scene is a well-orchestrated ballet of visual storytelling, narrative momentum, and emotional depth. The unforgettable scenes-the folding city, the zero-gravity hallway fight, and the multi-layered climax-aren’t merely spectacle; they are intricate cogs in the narrative machinery.

If you’ve got your eyes set on writing a screenplay or even exploring some inventive writing prompts, it’s worth examining how Nolan utilizes visual elements to serve the story. Remember, great scenes aren’t just visually stunning; they serve a narrative or thematic purpose. For example, the folding city scene is not only a CGI marvel but also a crucial introduction to the mechanics and limitations of the dream world, laying the groundwork for the plot to follow.

Visual elements in ‘Inception’ are so tightly bound to the screenplay structure that they become narrative landmarks, guiding the viewer through its labyrinthine twists. Let’s consider the use of the totem, a small personal object used to distinguish reality from a dream state. The totem is more than just a plot device; it’s a visual anchor that echoes the film’s themes of reality and illusion.

The lesson here for those diving into screenwriting tips is to ensure that each set piece or visual gimmick has a direct correlation to either the character development or the narrative progression. Otherwise, it risks being mere spectacle, something pretty but empty.

While on the topic of visual elements, one can’t help but delve into the film’s groundbreaking use of practical and visual effects. The zero-gravity hallway fight is an excellent example. Instead of relying solely on CGI, Nolan used a rotating set to create the illusion of weightlessness. The result is a scene that feels more tangible, more immediate, and, consequently, more engaging. If you’re into writing scripts that involve complex visuals, sometimes understanding the practicalities of how these visuals could be brought to life could lend authenticity and feasibility to your screenplay.

But let’s not overlook the importance of pacing, a key aspect that often makes or breaks complex narratives. ‘Inception’ manages to keep the pacing tight without compromising on its narrative depth. Even as the characters navigate through multiple layers of dreams within dreams, each layer operates under its own time dilation. Time slows down progressively with each layer, creating a unique kind of tension and urgency. If you’ve been seeking writing tips on managing pacing in complex narratives, this is a perfect case study.

A common challenge for screenwriters is managing exposition, especially for high-concept stories. Expository dialogue, if not handled carefully, can feel like a drag. But ‘Inception’ employs what we might call “active exposition.” Characters don’t just sit and talk; they’re often engaged in some sort of action even as they explain the film’s complex rules. Whether it’s Cobb and Ariadne molding dream landscapes or Arthur explaining the concept of a “kick,” the screenplay integrates exposition naturally into the action sequences, maintaining viewer engagement throughout.

Furthermore, ‘Inception’ taps into universal emotional stakes-love, guilt, ambition-to keep the audience invested. No matter how surreal the events on screen get, the emotional core remains relatable. This brings us to yet another tip for writing a screenplay: always ground your story in emotional truth. High concepts and visual grandeur are excellent, but it’s the emotional core that turns a good script into a compelling narrative.

To sum it up, ‘Inception’ offers a masterclass in harmonizing visual storytelling with narrative complexity. Each set piece, each visual metaphor, serves to advance character arcs and thematic concerns, all while keeping the audience on the edge of their seat. It’s a lesson in how careful planning, ingenious writing, and a focus on emotional authenticity can create not just a visually stunning film, but a lasting work of art.

If you’re embarking on the journey of writing a complex screenplay, take inspiration from this gem of cinematic storytelling. Understand that your visuals, your pacing, and even your exposition should all be geared toward one thing: a compelling, coherent story that resonates on a deeply emotional level. By doing so, you aren’t just making a movie; you’re creating an experience. And isn’t that what all of us, as storytellers, aspire to do?

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Originally published at http://aiinscreentrade.com on September 4, 2023.

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Rob Hestand

Writer, digital artist, tech enthusiast. Former social media strategist at the CineStory Foundation. Author of 'STORY SEEDING' exploring AI's role in fiction.