what are the techniques to battery optimization in android app

Here’s a breakdown of key techniques and best practices for battery optimization in your Android app.

Fundamentals

• Understand Power Profiles: Familiarize yourself with how Android apps consume battery resources (CPU, Network, Location/ Sensors, Screen). This knowledge is crucial for identifying optimization targets.
• Profile Your App: Utilize Android Studio’s profiler and other tools to pinpoint where your app consumes the most energy.
• Prioritize User Experience: Balance power savings with essential app functionality. Don’t sacrifice core user experience to the point of making your app frustrating to use.

Specific Techniques

1. Reduce Network Activity

• Batch Requests: Combine multiple network requests into a single operation when possible.
• Manage Polling Intervals: Optimize the frequency of polling and refresh operations, especially when the app is in the background. Consider longer intervals when possible.
• Pre-fetch and Cache Data: Strategically pre-fetch data when the device is plugged in or on Wi-Fi. Cache data locally to reduce the need for frequent network calls.
• Push Notifications (Efficiently): If appropriate, leverage services like Firebase Cloud Messaging for push notifications instead of continuous polling.

1. Optimize Location Updates

• Accuracy vs. Frequency: Determine the necessary level of location accuracy and adjust update intervals accordingly. Consider lower accuracy when possible.
• Foreground vs. Background: Adjust location tracking behavior depending on whether the app is in the foreground or background.
• Fused Location Provider: Prioritize the Fused Location Provider for smarter location management, allowing it to balance accuracy and power consumption.

1. Manage Background Tasks

• Use JobScheduler or WorkManager: Defer non-urgent tasks with these APIs, which intelligently schedule work for optimal battery conditions. Avoid unnecessary timers and alarms.
• Background Restrictions: Respect Android’s background restrictions (Doze mode, App Standby) and adapt your app’s behavior accordingly.

1. Optimize UI and Rendering

• Avoid Overdraw: Reduce UI complexity and unnecessary rendering to minimize GPU usage.
• Hardware Acceleration: Use hardware acceleration wisely. Overuse can increase power consumption.
• Dark Theme: Implement a dark theme and encourage users to use it whenever possible to save power (especially on OLED screens).

1. Reduce CPU Usage

• Efficient Algorithms and Data Structures: Choose the right data structures and algorithms for your tasks.
• Avoid Unnecessary Work: Prevent background threads from doing unnecessary work. Stop threads promptly when tasks are completed.
• Profile for Performance Bottlenecks: Identify and fix CPU-intensive operations in your code.

Additional Tips

• Wake Locks: Use sparingly, ensuring they’re released promptly to prevent holding the device in higher power states.
• Vibration and Media: Minimize the use of vibration and be mindful of media playback (video, audio) as these are power-intensive operations.
• Dependency Management: Avoid including libraries that perform unnecessary or power-hungry background operations. Be mindful of the power implications of third-party SDKs.
• User Education: Provide in-app settings for users to manage power-hungry features selectively, allowing them to control battery impact.

Testing and Monitoring

• Test on Various Devices: Battery behavior can vary across devices and Android versions.
• Android Vitals: Use the Android Vitals dashboard in the Google Play Console to monitor battery-related metrics like Excessive Wakeups and Stuck Wakelocks.