We know that a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) system is characterized by its Impulse Response h(t).

If you are reading this article, you are already familiar with the Schrödinger’s Cat Experiment. Originally conceived by Erwin Schrödinger in 1935 to illustrate the paradox of Superposition, the thought experiment goes as follows: One can even set up quite ridiculous cases. A cat is penned up in a steel…

Long ago, I had the good fortune of encountering this definite integral.

Disclaimer: There are a few people who feel that there are Mathematical inconsistencies in Einstein’s Original Paper. I personally feel that the symbols are used a bit casually which leads to ambiguity, but not inconsistency. I will leave it to the reader to be the judge. …

When we were young, all of us have been taught the interdependence of plants and animals to preserve the cycle of life on this planet. When exposed to light, a process called Photosynthesis takes place in a plant’s leaves. As part of this, Carbon Dioxide is absorbed and converted to…

One of the common misconceptions about DFT is that zero-padding the signal can improve the Frequency Resolution. The aim of this article is to help the reader understand why zero padding does not increase Frequency Resolution. It also explains what zero-padding really accomplishes. Abbreviation used in this article: DTFT …

DFT is perhaps the most fundamental tool used in the Frequency analysis of Communication systems. It gives the sampled version of the Fourier Transform of a Signal. To speed up the DFT computation, an algorithm called FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is used. The FFT is one of the most widely…

One of the common difficulties young engineers face when applying KVL and KCL to solve Electrical Circuits is the signs. This article aims to illustrate how the circuit equations can be written down without making mistakes. Common Electrical Notations R represents a Ideal Resistor. Unit is Ohm. C represents a Ideal Capacitor. Unit is…

Modern Communication Systems use Digital Signals in contrast to analogue signals. The reasons are many, but one of them is the availability of cheap Digital Signal Processors. Within Digital Signal Processing, spectral analysis plays a central role in the implementation of many algorithms. Spectral decomposition is typically done using FFT…