Motivation Factors, Hygiene Factors. Explanation of Two Factor Theory and KITA of Frederick Herzberg
Sep 8, 2018 · 2 min read
According to the Two Factor Theory of Frederick Herzberg people are influenced by two factors. Satisfaction and psychological growth are a result factor of motivation factors. Dissatisfaction was a result of hygiene factors. Herzberg developed this motivation theory during his investigation of 200 accountants and engineers in the USA.
THE TWO FACTORS IN THE THEORY
- Hygiene factors are needed to ensure that an employee does not become dissatisfied. They do not cause higher levels of motivation, but without them there is dissatisfaction.
- Motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee into higher performance. These factors result from internal generators in employees.
TYPICAL HYGIENE FACTORS
- Working conditions
- Quality of supervision
- Salary
- Status
- Safety
- Company
- Job
- Company policies and administration
- Interpersonal relations
TYPICAL MOTIVATION FACTORS
- Achievement
- Recognition for achievement
- Responsibility for task
- Interesting job
- Advancement to higher level tasks
- Growth
COMBINING THE HYGIENE AND MOTIVATION FACTORS RESULTS IN FOUR SCENARIOS
- High Hygiene + High Motivation: The ideal situation where employees are highly motivated and have few complaints.
- High Hygiene + Low Motivation: Employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated. The job is perceived as a paycheck.
- Low Hygiene + High Motivation: Employees are motivated but have a lot of complaints. A situation where the job is exciting and challenging. However the salaries and work conditions are not OK.
- Low Hygiene + Low Motivation: The worst situation. Employees are not motivated and have lots of complaints.
Herzberg suggests that often work can be arranged and should be arranged in the following ways:
- job enlargement
- job rotation, and/or
- job enrichment.
Besides The Two Factor Theory, Frederick Herzberg is also known for his acronym KITA, which has been politely translated as a Kick In The Pants! Herzberg said that KITA does not produce motivation. But only movement.
