Motivation Factors, Hygiene Factors. Explanation of Two Factor Theory and KITA of Frederick Herzberg

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Sep 8, 2018 · 2 min read

According to the Two Factor Theory of Frederick Herzberg people are influenced by two factors. Satisfaction and psychological growth are a result factor of motivation factors. Dissatisfaction was a result of hygiene factors. Herzberg developed this motivation theory during his investigation of 200 accountants and engineers in the USA.

THE TWO FACTORS IN THE THEORY

  • Hygiene factors are needed to ensure that an employee does not become dissatisfied. They do not cause higher levels of motivation, but without them there is dissatisfaction.
  • Motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee into higher performance. These factors result from internal generators in employees.

TYPICAL HYGIENE FACTORS

  • Working conditions
  • Quality of supervision
  • Salary
  • Status
  • Safety
  • Company
  • Job
  • Company policies and administration
  • Interpersonal relations

TYPICAL MOTIVATION FACTORS

  • Achievement
  • Recognition for achievement
  • Responsibility for task
  • Interesting job
  • Advancement to higher level tasks
  • Growth

COMBINING THE HYGIENE AND MOTIVATION FACTORS RESULTS IN FOUR SCENARIOS

  • High Hygiene + High Motivation: The ideal situation where employees are highly motivated and have few complaints.
  • High Hygiene + Low Motivation: Employees have few complaints but are not highly motivated. The job is perceived as a paycheck.
  • Low Hygiene + High Motivation: Employees are motivated but have a lot of complaints. A situation where the job is exciting and challenging. However the salaries and work conditions are not OK.
  • Low Hygiene + Low Motivation: The worst situation. Employees are not motivated and have lots of complaints.

Herzberg suggests that often work can be arranged and should be arranged in the following ways:

  • job enlargement
  • job rotation, and/or
  • job enrichment.

Besides The Two Factor Theory, Frederick Herzberg is also known for his acronym KITA, which has been politely translated as a Kick In The Pants! Herzberg said that KITA does not produce motivation. But only movement.

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