What is so important about coral reefs?

Coral reefs are among the most biologically productive ecosystems on Earth. The symbiotic algae that live in corals are responsible for around 50 to 70 percent of the total primary production in most reef systems. This energy-rich environment attracts many lifeforms, with an estimated 25 percent of all marine life dependent on coral reefs at some point in their lives. For this reason, coral reefs are often likened to rainforests. Yet, despite covering only about 5 percent of the area covered by rainforests — amounting to less than 0.1% …

We are in the midst of a biodiversity crisis. Birds, among many other groups, are facing high rates of extinction. In North America alone, two-thirds of the bird species here are at risk of extinction due to climate change. Large-bodied, northern range species such as the snowy owl shown above are the most vulnerable.

How are birds being affected by climate change now?

The effects of climate change on birds are complex. Migratory birds are experiencing a loss of southern range as they spread northwards, with at least 126 North American species projected to lose over 50% of their current range by 2050.

Warming temperatures have also been associated…