Superposition and Entanglement
The two notable terms that attract people to quantum physics are superposition and entanglement. These two characteristics really have a significant impact on quantum computing. Superposition and entanglement will be utilized in quantum communications and information storage, respectively, in the future.
Computers were typically controlled in bits, which are represented as 0 or 1. On the other hand, quantum computing makes use of quantum bits, or qubits, which exist in a condition known as the superposition state, which is a combination of 0 and 1. Let’s imagine that we can anticipate both a head and a tail result when a coin is thrown. However, a coin can exist in both the head and tail states in a quantum world.
In physics, you may have studied the dual nature of light. We discovered that light behaves as both a wave and a particle in Young’s Double Slit Experiment with Interference Pattern. The method of experimentation determines the character of light. demonstrated how light truly acts like a wave and like a particle, demonstrating its quantum character. In a similar manner, the state of the qubit is determined by measurement; prior to measurement, it exists as a superposition of 0 and 1. It’s possible that you’ve heard of the well-known Schrodinger cat experiment, which demonstrates that cats can simultaneously be alive and dead.
Entanglement is the most significant aspect of quantum physics, with superposition coming in second. In simple terms, two particles, say two coins when they are entangled, still linked to one another even if they are billions or even trillions of kilometers apart. And they were superimposed on top of each other’s properties. This is a counterintuitive theory that is difficult to understand yet has perfect usability.
So as to better understand, let’s say that Ben and Jerry, our twin cats, get entangled with one another. Jerry went to China, while Ben is currently in Canada. Jerry now recognizes when Ben is hungry right away. And Ben realizes it right away if Jerry is drinking milk. That is the mechanism of entanglement; strange, huh?
There are several practical uses for quantum entanglement, particularly in quantum communications and computing. In fact, entanglement enables us to understand the advantages of quantum over classical methods. Please refer to the circuit diagram for entanglement and superposition above. Where “H” is the Hadamard quantum gate in quantum computing, it is used to convert a state to superposition.
In addition, the C-NOT two-qubit gate, as seen in the circuit, can be utilized in combination with Hadamard to generate entanglement. One qubit is used as the control qubit and the other as the target qubit when it is applied to a circuit. The target qubit is flipped when the control qubit is in the 1 position, and nothing happens when it is in the 0 position.
