Conquest of Bengal — British Expansion |UPSC

1. 1698 -British got the zamindari rights of Calcutta.
2. A 7-year war between France and England was going on so they fortified their settlements in India.
3. Siraj ud -Daulah told both the English and France to stop fortification.
4. France obeyed but the English ignored it.
5. The Bengal ruler captured the British settlements and the English men took refuge in fulta islands.
6. Calcutta was left to Manick chand. He took a bribe from the British and gave it back to the British.
7. Siraj ud daulah locked the British civilians in a room and they died due to suffocation, this is famously known as the Blackhole tragedy.
8. Siraj ud daulah, fearing its consequences, signed a treaty with Clive in 1757 (/Treaty of Alinagar) for a compromise.

Battle of Plassey

Causes

1. The British started to fortify their settlements, refusing to obey the orders of the nawab.
2. The British misused their Trade privileges given by nawab.
3. Clive supported the claim of Ghasti Begum against the nawab of Bengal.

Significance

1. Mir Jafar became the new nawab of Bengal.
2. To appreciate the efforts of Clive he was made the governor of Bengal.
3. The treasury of Bengal came under the control of the British.
4. Bengal became both the plunder state as well as the sponsoring state.
5. After the success, the nawab gave numerous presents to the British. later it has become a practice to get presents from the nawab.
6. After the battle, the drain of wealth started.
7. Mir Jafar was unable to meet the economic demands of the British.
8. At the same time, Mir Qasim promised the British to satisfy their economic needs if he was appointed the governor of Bengal.

1760 — Second Bengal Revolution.

1. Mir Qasim was ambitious and wanted to expel the British.
2. He shifted the capital away from the British.
3. To check the misuse of Dastak by company officials he canceled the Tax for local people as well.

Battle of Buxar

1. Mir Qasim + Shah Alam 2 + Awadh ruler Vs British.
2. The British won the battle and signed the Treaty of Allahabad.
3. According to this treaty
4. Awadh
5. The Nawab of Awadh became an ally of the company.
6. The awadh was compelled to surrender to Shah Alam 2.
7. Awadh became the buffer state between afghan on one side and Marathas on another side.
8. Mughal
9. The emperor became a pensioner of the company and was compelled to stay in Allahabad under company protection.
10. The company got the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
11. Bengal
12. The company introduced a Dual government in Bengal.
13. The British received the nizamat function of Bengal from the nawab.
14. This battle manifested the superior military power of British.
15. It laid the foundation for the British empire in India.
16. The private trade of the company was legalized.

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