The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC, Chinese: 中国人民政治协商会议), also known as the People’s PCC (Chinese: 人民政协,
listen) or simply the PCC (政协), is a political advisory body in the People’s Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party’s United Front system.[2] The body traditionally consists of delegates from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and its allied front organizations, eight legally-permitted political parties subservient to the CCP, as well as nominally independent members.[3][4][5] The CPPCC is chaired by a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.[6] In keeping with the United Front strategy, prominent non-CCP members have been included among the Vice Chairs, examples being Chen Shutong, Li Jishen and Soong Ching-ling.[7]
The National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (Chinese: 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng Huìyì Quanguo Weiyuanhui, shortened Chinese: 全国政协; pinyin: Quánguó Zhèngxié; lit. ‘National PCC’) typically holds a yearly meeting at the same time as plenary sessions of the National People’s Congress (NPC). The CPPCC National Committee and NPC plenary sessions are collectively called the Quanguo Lianghui (“National Two Sessions”).
The organisational hierarchy of the CPPCC consists of a National Committee and regional committees. Regional committees extend to the provincial, prefecture, and county level. According to Article 19, Section 2 of the constitution of the CPPCC, the relationship between the National Committee and the regional committees is one of guidance and not direct leadership. However, an indirect leadership exists via the United Front Work Department at each level.[2][8]
The CPPCC is intended to be more representative of a broader range of people than is typical of government office in the People’s Republic of China. According to Sinologist Peter Mattis, the CPPCC is “the one place where all the relevant actors inside and outside the party come together: party elders, intelligence officers, diplomats, propagandists, soldiers and political commissars, united front workers, academics, and businesspeople.”[9] In practice, the CPPCC serves “the place where messages are developed and distributed among party members and the non-party faithful who shape perceptions of the CCP and China.”[9] The composition of the members of the CPPCC changes over time according to national strategic priorities.[10] Previously dominated by senior figures in real-estate, state-owned enterprises, and “princelings”, the CPPCC in 2018 was primarily composed of individuals from China’s technology sector.
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