Hey Jil…thanks for thinking. ;) Great question, one that Sarason grapples with throughout his writing (which has obviously had a huge influence on me.) I think he would say we measure it by their desire to learn more. That’s the key part. If students don’t want to learn more about what they are attending to, then Sarason would say that learning is “unproductive,” meaning, it’s probably going to be forgotten in short order. So, that might be a start.