TypeScript is a super set of JS like coffee script.
You can’t write TypeScript without having a compilation step.
TypeScript are pitching themselves as being fully ES6/7 compatible and only adding types so their compilation essentially only takes out the types and leave you with easy to read JS (they even leave the comments in).

But In reality since its not JS you can’t rely on it to not diverge from ECMAScript standard. For example TypeScript are giving you stage 3 ES features to use today but if any of these features will be removed or changed in the final spec and you used this feature your code is not ES compatible anymore.
Its not a big deal but its a difference. Personally I would much rather have a static analyser that infers the types from context and jsDoc comments and let you write pure JS but at the moment I don’t think any such tool is available