Caisson foundation: types, benefits & drawbacks
An important component of civil engineering utilised while building bridges, docks, etc. is the caisson foundation. The word caisson is derived from the Latin capsa, which denotes a box or material resembling a box. The pier foundation is another name for the caisson foundation. It serves as a bridge pier and is a watertight water barrier. It is a prefabricated hollow box or cylinder that is filled with concrete, sinks into the ground to a certain desirable depth, and serves as the foundation.
Although caisson foundations are placed differently than pile foundations, they are comparable in shape. It is employed when suitable bearing-strength soils are discovered below weak surface materials like peat or backfill. Various caisson foundation types, uses, and other important details are discussed here.
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Caisson Foundation : Purpose
Occasionally, a caisson foundation is used. Here they are.
· If you need a strong undercarriage that reaches up to or below the back deck to resist damaging forces from floats, cuts, etc., a caisson foundation is employed when the ground contains substantial rocks that prevent the pile from penetrating the surface.
· Whenever the foundation is subjected to a sizable lateral load
· when a deep river or sea
· If luggage needs to be carried at the end and the load arrangement involves flow forces, caissons are chosen.
· If the current groundwater table is actively inflowing, caissons are a wise choice.
Examples of a caisson foundation
There are various caisson foundation types. Here are some of them:
Box caissons: These are heavy, wooden boxes that are watertight and open at the top. They are normally floated to an appropriate location, where they are then placed into position using a masonry pier.
Excavated caissons: Caisson foundations that have been excavated are positioned within an unearthed area. Typically cylindrical, they are subsequently backfilled with concrete.
Floating caissons : These are also referred to as floating docks and constructed cylindrical boxes.
Open caissons: Comparable to box caissons in many ways. High and low, open, and high open-low close are the two variations of open boxes. These caissons are best suited to soft terrain.
Pneumatic caissons: These are sizable, waterproof containers or cylinders that are mostly employed in the construction of submerged structures.
Compressed air caissons: This sort of box is appropriate for dry working environments where other techniques won’t function effectively.
Monolithic caissons: This is the biggest type of caisson foundation.
Uses for the Caisson foundation
· Transfer weight from building columns and bridge piers to the hardest subterranean layer.
· Earthen dams with caissons set closely together have unbreakable core walls.
· to create room for tunnels or deep shafts.
· to build any barriers that would prevent the submersion of machinery, pumps, etc.
· to safeguard the base against lateral stresses.
Caisson foundation: benefits
· reduces the necessity for post caps.
· It generates a little less vibration and noise.
· able to quickly adjust to any changing field conditions.
· high capacity for axial and lateral loads.
Caisson foundation: drawbacks
· It is quite susceptible to construction techniques.
· Legacy assets should not use it.
· The construction can only be designed by experienced engineers. There is a shortage of professionals.
· It puts workers in a dangerous environment where they could contract caisson illness.
· Inspectors who are qualified are in short supply.
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