Service Accounts on Google Cloud Platform

Zdenko Hrček
Google Cloud - Community
6 min readMay 26, 2018

It often happens when I work with clients that they don’t have much experience with Google Cloud Platform, i.e. they generally register and create project, add developers to project, but for example setting service accounts in not so straightforward in case they want to give developer granular access. So in this article I want to give an overview about Service Accounts which is often used feature in development on Google Cloud Platform and it’s written in mind for non developers.

What is Service Account?

Service Account is similar as normal user’s account with difference that is generally used in code to access GCP products. Just as users can have different roles so does the Service Account. Data which is used to authenticate against GCP is provided as key (practically it’s file either in json or p12 format) which can be then used in code. So as users are authenticated with email and password, service accounts are authenticated with key file. Because it’s file it can be easily copied, shared etc and with that security of your project can be compromised so be careful where you store your Service Account files how you share them and where people with whom you shared them are using them and we’re they keeping them.

Service Accounts management is under IAM & admin section

service account

How to set up Service Account

This is list of service accounts, as it can be seen on image bellow, there are 2 service accounts and we will create new one, to do that click on button CREATE SERVICE ACCOUNT.

service account

In popup window there are few things to set:

- Service account name — this is just name which will be displayed, so give it some meaningful description especially if you will have multiple accounts to easily navigate. In this case I’ll hypothetically want to create some script or service which will run on server and get data from third part API, upload to Cloud Storage and then upload to BigQuery.

- Service account ID — initially this is derived from service account name, but you can change if you want, technically it’s not so important.

service account

- Roles — here you can define multiple roles for this service account. In this example I’ll add roles for BigQuery and Cloud Storage. Naturally all those roles are maybe not easy to understand and I guess best resource is this comprehensive article where all possible roles are exaplained https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/understanding-roles.

When you click on Select a role field, small window will pop up with list of products and it’s roles.

service account
service account

Last thing is to check option Furnish a new private key with which when you will hit SAVE button, json file will be downloaded.

service account

Message after creation.

service account

This is how content of service account file key looks like.

{
"type": "service_account",
"project_id": "just-some-project",
"private_key_id": "e5703451d59c7f1152517122a9e8824",
"private_key": "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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C2Z+XuND4t7wlxxIDxRzaBx95wwmEkrm0A2uNcpy1z2kPYGKS/U8blnGC8ie7anT
g89mor9s2Vkno6rJ+r0nOtzy
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
",
"client_email": "data-ingestion-pipeline@756.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
"client_id": "109097848740185",
"auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
"token_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token",
"auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
"client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/data-ingestion-pipeline%40r756.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
}

As I wrote earlier, downloaded file is used in client libraries to access GCP services. Of course it’s at most importance to keep this file secure because who ever gets this file can have access to your GCP products or access data based on permissions and roles which are granted to that Service Account.

Common Operation with service accounts

In the list of Service Accounts.

service account

When you click on settings you get options to Edit, Delete and Create Key

service account

Edit — gives you just possbility to just change Service Account Description

Delete — deletes Service Account

Create Key — this furnishes new key / file. This means that you can have multiple keys / file for one service account. Clicking on trash bin you can delete them. In case you think key / file has been compromised, that’s the first thing you should do.

Other common thing is to modify Roles assigned for Service Account.

When you go to IAM section you will see list of account including user and service accounts. Now depending on the screen resolution you may want to move at the bottom slider to the right to get to options :).

service account

You can see Roles assigned and options to edit or delete Roles.

service account

When you clink on pen (Edit) you can delete, change or add Roles similar as during creation.

service account

Last feature of Service Accounts that I want to include here is assigning access to Service Accounts. Basically when you create Service Account, you can assign to it access for one or multiple user accounts. With this feature you can selectively grant access for developers to Service Accounts without giving them general access to all of them. When they have access to service account, they can modify it, change roles etc.

To assign user to Service Account, go to Service Accounts list, check Service Account for which you want to assign access, and then click on top right corner SHOW INFO PANEL.

service account

In pop window to assign user, you need to enter user’s email (you need to also click on it) and select one or more Roles. Here there are only 3 group of roles: Project, Service Accounts and IAM and when selected, they will be only applied for this Service Account, not the whole project.

service account

After adding you can see grouped Members under Roles.

service account

When you switch Show inherited permissions you can see also inherited permissions, i.e. Members with Roles which have implicitly access to this Service Account.

service account

I hope this article has given you clearer overview of what Services Accounts are and how to handle them.

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Zdenko Hrček
Google Cloud - Community

IT Consultant with focus on Google Cloud Platform, creator of GCP Weekly, a weekly newsletter about GCP https://www.gcpweekly.com