A Quick and Complete Guide to Harvard Referencing
What is Referencing?
It is necessary to acknowledge other people’s work or ideas when writing, hence, the sources used in your work must be referenced. This is usually via an in-text citation within the body of a text acknowledging work or ideas by others. Also, a complete is provided at the end of the written materials of works or ideas taken from others.
To write an in-text citation, always include the surname of the author along with the year of publication. Also, a page number can be included for short quotations or specific phrases that are either used directly, summarised or paraphrased; they are also useful when citing a longer material e.g. citing a portion of a book
Single Author
For a work authored by a single person, here are some examples:
According to Henning (2019), one of…
Henning (2018), believes …
Henning (2017, p. 19) argued that “A map is transformed using certain formulas”
For longer quotes (usually paraphrased already) include them as a separate sentence or paragraph with the citation at the end.
A computer can decipher a user’s wish and most likely enable a computer to establish certain intellectual conditions of the user like exhaustion or confusion by merely knowing the location of a user’s gaze (Henning, 2015).
Two or Three Authors
When a piece of work is authored by two or three people:
According to Henning, Zaid and Zabini (2019), one of…
Henning and Zabini (2018), believes …
Henning and Zabini (2017, p. 19) argued that “ A map is transformed using certain formulas”
For longer quotes, proceed as explained in previous section
A computer can decipher a user’s wish and most likely enable a computer to establish certain intellectual conditions of the user like exhaustion or confusion by merely knowing the location of a user’s gaze (Henning, Zaid and Zabini, 2015).
More than Three Authors
When a piece of work is authored by more than 3 people, use:
According to Henning et al (2019), one of…
Henning et al (2018), believes …
Henning et al (2017, p. 19) argued that “ A map is transformed using certain …”
For longer quotes, proceed as explained in previous section
A computer can decipher a user’s wish and most likely enable a computer to establish certain intellectual conditions of the user like exhaustion or confusion by merely knowing the location of a user’s gaze (Henning et al., 2015).
Company or Corporate Authors
When a piece of work is authored by a company, use the company’s name.
(AcademicianHelp, 2019)
Webpage with No Authors Specified
When a piece of work is taken from a web page with no author of the piece specified.
(Academicianhelp.com, 2019)
Missing Authors
When the author’s name is missing, but the title of the materials exist, use that instead.
(A quick guide to Harvard referencing, 2019)
Missing Date
When there is no date included in a source, use the author’s name or company’s name only.
(AcademicianHelp)
Reference List
It contains all the resources cited in between the written text sorted in alphabetical order with the surname. It usually starts with the name of the author (or title, if there is no author).
The Author’s name is of the format Last name, First initial. E.g
Henning, S., Zaid, B. and Zabini, J. (for more than 2 authors)
Also if an author has multiple publication, the reference list should be arrange in accordance to the year of publication and title if the year of publication is the same e.g.
Henning, S. (2017). Data warehouse design. New York: McGraw-Hill
Henning, S. (2019). Data warehouse design and Principles. New York: McGraw-Hill
Henning, S. (2019). Enhanced Data warehouse design for Engineers. New York: McGraw-Hill
However, how the reference list is written varies according to the different type of materials used.
Books
Use this format for a Book:
Author(s) (Year). Book Title. Edition (Only used if more than 1st edition). Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S. (2017). Data warehouse design. New York: McGraw-Hill
Henning, S. and Zabini, J. (2018). Data warehouse design. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 65.
When it is a chapter from an Edited Book:
Author(s) (Year). Title of the chapter. In: Author(s)/Editor(s) of the book, ed., Book Title. Edition (Always displayed even if it is the first edition). Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S. (2019). Statistical designs for survey research. In: G. H. Stempel III & B. H. Westley, ed., Research methods in mass communication. 1st ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, pp. 167.
Journal Article
When it is a print Journal article (not online):
Author(s) (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume(issue details), Page(s).
Henning, S. (2019). ESP 8266: a breakthrough in wireless sensor networks and internet of things. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology, 6(8), pp.07–11
When it is a Journal taken from an online website or database:
Author(s) (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, [online] Volume(issue details), Page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Henning, S. (2019). ESP 8266: a breakthrough in wireless sensor networks and internet of things. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology, [online] 6(8), pp.07–11 Available at: http://academicianhelp.com/Premium-Resources [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Conference Proceedings
If the Conference is not published online:
Author(s) (Year). Title of paper or proceedings. In: Title or Conference name. Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S., Henry B. and Zabini, J. (2019). The Importance of Data Warehousing Tools. In: International Data Warehouse Conference. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–70.
If the Conference is published online:
Author(s) (Year). Title of paper or proceedings. In: Title or Conference name. [online] Place: Publisher, Page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Henning, S., Henry B. and Zabini, J. (2018). The Importance of Data Warehouse. In: International Data Warehouse Conference. [online] London: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–70. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Websites or Blog
When a website page author is specified:
Author(s) (Year). Title of page. [online] Website Name. Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Henning, S. (2019). Secured Online Portal for File Storage. [online] AcademicianHelp. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
When no website page author is specified:
Website Name, (Year). Title of page. [online] Available at: URL [Accessed DD MM. YYYY].
Academicianhelp.com, (2019). Secured Online Portal for File Storage. [online] Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
When it is a blog (a blog is generally ran by a single individual):
Author(s) (Year). Title of post. [Blog] Blog Name. Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Adeyemi, A. (2019). A Quick and Complete Guide to Harvard Referencing. [blog] AcademicianHelp Blog. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/blog/a-quick-and-complete-guide-to-harvard-referencing [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Dissertation
Use the following structure for a Dissertation:
Author(s) (Year). Title of Dissertation. Author’s Academic Level. Name of Institution, University or College.
Zabini, J. (2019). Opensource Integration of Learning Tools. PhD. University of Southampton.
Patents
When it is a patent, use this format:
Author(s). (Year). Description or Patent Title. Patent Number.
Richard, D. (1930). Adhesive Tapes. 1,760,820.
PDFs and Ebooks
Use the following structure for a PDF or an Ebook:
Author(s) (Year). Title of pdf or ebook. Edition (Always displayed even if it is the first edition). [pdf or ebook] Place: Publisher, Page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Henning, S., Henry B. and Zabini, J. (2019). Data warehouse design. 1st ed. [ebook] New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–70. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Henning, S. (2019). Enhanced Data warehouse design. 1st ed. [pdf] New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–90. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Presentations and Lectures
Use this format for Presentations and Lectures:
Author(s) (Year). Title of Presentation.
Henning, S. (2019). How to improve academic standards.
Newspaper Article
When it is a print Newspaper Article (not taken online):
Author(s) (Year). Title of article. Newspaper Name, Page(s).
Henning, S. (2019). How to improve academic standards. The Guardian, p.1.
When it is a Newspaper Article taken from an online website or database:
Author(s) (Year). Title of article. Newspaper Name, [online] Page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Henning, S. (2019). How to improve academic standards. The Guardian, [online] p.1–2. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Print Magazine
When it is print magazine, use this format:
Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Magazine Name, (Volume), Page(s).
Henning, S. (2019). Top 10 richest people in the world. Forbes, (20), p.1.
Encyclopedia Article
Use the following structure for a print Encyclopedia Article:
Author(s) (Year). Title of Article. In: Title of Encyclopedia, Edition. Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S., (2018). The Plant Kingdom. In: Internation Plant Encyclopedia, 5th ed. London: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–70.
Emails
When it is an Email, use this format:
Author(s). (Year). Email Subject. [email].
Henning, S. (2019). What is Academic Writing. [email].
Archives
These are past event evidence that are collected by historical societies, universities, libraries or repositories, use this format:
Author(s) (Year). Title of material. [format] Organization/Library/Collection/University Name, Collection name, number or code. Place.
Henning, S. (1970). Super Mario. [program] Nintendo, NISUP01. California.
Henning, S. (1970). Letter to Henning Jennins. [letter] The Mens Historical Society, Human Rights Collection. London.
Artwork
These are Artwork collections at museums or gallery, use this format:
Author(s) (Year). Title of art. [medium] Place: Museum/Gallery
Henning, S. (2018). Leanardo Da Vinci. [Paint Mural] London: London Museum
Henning, S. (2019). Leanardo Da Vinci. [Oil on Canvas] London: London Library
Press Releases
Use the following format for Press Releases that are not online:
Corporate Author (Year). Title of Release.
AcademicianHelp Solutions (2019). How to improve your grades.
Use the following format for Press Releases that are online:
Corporate Author (Year). Title of Release. Available at:URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
AcademicianHelp Solutions (2019). How to improve your grades. Available at: https://www.academicianhelp.com/blog [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
TV or Radio Broadcast
These are Radio and TV broadcast, use this format:
Title of program/series, (Year). [program type] Channel: Broadcaster
EastEnders, (2019). [TV programme] 101: Sky.
Voice of Britain, (2019). [Radio programme] 1: Sky Radio.
Film, DVD and Video, Podcast and Images
Use the following format for Film, DVD and Video:
Title of Film, DVD or Video, (Year). [format] Place of Origin: Film, DVD or Video Maker
Titanic, (1997). [film] California: James Cameron.
Titanic, (1997). [DVD] California: James Cameron.
Use the following format for Videos or Images that are online:
Author(s) (Year). Description or Title of Video or Image. [format] Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Dion, C. (1997). My Heart Will Go On. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhfhNzbGtAs [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Dion, C. (1997). My Heart Will Go On Cover Picture. [image] Available at: https://www.unsplash.com/myheartwillgoon [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Use the following format for a Podcast:
Author(s) (Year). Title of Podcast Episode. [podcast]. Podcast Title. Available at: URL [Accessed DD MM. YYYY].
Cruzeiro, N. (2018). #RonaldoCast Episode 2. [podcast]. #RonaldoCast. Available at: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/ronaldocast/id948484 [Accessed 14 Oct. 2019].
Recordings and Music
Use the following format for Recordings and Music that is not online:
Author(s) (Year). Title of Recording. [medium] Place: Music Label
Dion, C. (1997). My heart will go on. [CD] California: Motion Picture Music
Use the following format for Recordings and Music that is online:
Author(s) (Year). Title of Recording. [online] Place: Music Label. Available at: URL [Accessed DD MM. YYYY].
Dion, C. (1997). My heart will go on. [online] California: Motion Picture Music. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhfhNzbGtAs [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Interview
Use this format for an Interview:
Interviewer’s name and Interviewee’s name. (Year). Description or Interview Title
James, S. and Ronaldo, C. (2019). The Rise of Christiano Ronaldo.
Court Cases
Use this format for a Court Case:
Case name, [Year]. Volume number/Report abbreviation (Full or abbreviated court name); First page of the case
Hennings vs Jennins, [2019]. 12–499 (Hight court of London); 1
Dictionary Entry
When it is a print Dictionary entry (not taken online):
Author(s) (Year). Entry title. In: Title of Dictionary, Edition. Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S. (2019). Rhotic. In: Oxford Dictionary, 105th ed. London: Oxford, pp. 69.
When the date is missing:
Author(s) (n.d.) Entry title. In: Title of Dictionary, Edition. Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S. (n.d.) Rhotic. In: Oxford Dictionary, 105th ed. London: Oxford, pp. 69.
When the author of the entry is unknown:
Entry title. (Year). In: Title of Dictionary, Edition. Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Rhotic. (2019). In: Oxford Dictionary, 105th ed. London: Oxford, pp. 69.
When it is a dictionary entry taken from an online website or database:
Author(s) (Year). Entry title. In: Title of Dictionary, Edition. Place: Publisher, Page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Henning, S. (2019). Rhotic. In: Oxford Dictionary, 105th ed. London: Oxford, pp. 69. Available at: https://oxforddictionary.com/new/rhotic [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Government Publication
Use the following structure for a Government Publication:
Author(s) or Government Agency Name (Year). Title of Document/Article. Place: Publisher, Page(s).
Henning, S. (2018). London Transportation Map. London: London Metro, pp. 67–70.
London Department of Transport (2018). London Transportation Map. London: London Metro, pp. 67–70.
Religious Text
When it is religious text, use the format:
Title. (Year). Place: Publisher, Page(s).
King James Bible, (1978). The Bible Publications, Inc, pp.23–30.
Reports
If it is a Report from an author or a corporation :
Author(s) or Coporate Author. (Year). Title of Report. [online] Place: Publisher, Page(s). Available at: URL [Accessed DD MMM. YYYY].
Hennings, S. (2019). Annual Report 2018. [online] London: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–70. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
AcademicianHelp Solutions (2019). Annual Report 2018. [online] London: McGraw-Hill, pp. 67–70. Available at: https://academicianhelp.co.uk/Free-Resources/secured-online-portal-for-file-storage [Accessed 8 Oct. 2019].
Software
If it is a software solution, use this:
Software Name or Title. (Year). Place: Publisher
Sudoku Puzzle, (2019). London: AcademicianHelp Publication
Originally published at https://academicianhelp.com.
