Key pairing over BN-curves

Elliptic curves are used fairly extensively in public key encryption (such as in Bitcoin and Tor). A BN-curve (Barreto-Naehrig curve) [paper] defines an elliptic curve which can be used for pairings that allow for a high security and efficiency level. This page uses pairings over a 256-bit BN curve and derives a signature for a message.

Elliptic Curve key pairing is also used with zk-SNARKs and zero-knowledge proofs. It can be used for “encrypted multiplication”.

For an Elliptic Curve we generate a 256-bit random number for the private key (p), and then take a point (G) [x,y] on the Elliptic Curve and then multiply it by the private key to get another point (p×x,p×y). In this way we get P=p×G, and where G is a known point on the Elliptic Curve, P is our public key and p is our private key.

With pairings we can derive more complex relationships between the points, such as if P=G×p, Q=G×q and R=G×r, we can check to see if r=p×q, but where we only know P, Q and R (the public values). At the current time we cannot compute p from P=p×G, even if we know P and G. The exposure of the values is limited as we can calculate R=G×p×q, and where it is not possible to determine p or q.

The following code integrates the BN-256 code. Let’s test the code by simply creating a signature for a message. Bob will take a message and create a signature with his private key, and Alice will prove it with his public key.