A quick guide to MERN stack
Let’s Begin
A stack is the combination of technologies used to create a web application. Web applications are built on top of multiple technologies grouped together as a database, server, and client.
MERN Stack is based on JavaScript that is used to build easier and faster deployable web applications.MERN includes four entirely open-source components: MongoDB, Express, React, and Node.js.Each of these four powerful technologies provides an end-to-end framework for the developers to work in and makes the development process smoother and easier.
Let’s look at all the MERN Components
MongoDB
MongoDB is a NoSQL database where each record is a document comprising of key-value pairs that are similar to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects. MongoDB is flexible and allows its users to create schema, databases, tables, etc. Documents that are identifiable by a primary key make up the basic unit of MongoDB. Once MongoDB is installed, users can make use of Mongo shell as well. Mongo shell provides a JavaScript interface through which the users can interact and perform CRUD operations.
Express
Express is just a back-end framework for Node.js. Node.js is just a run-time environment that can run java-script. Express is a JavaScript Framework that provides a robust set of features for web and mobile applications. Express provides a thin layer of fundamental web application features, without obscuring Node.js features.
React
It is an open-source JavaScript library maintained by Facebook that is used to create views rendered in HTML. React is used for the development of single-page applications and mobile applications because of its ability to handle rapidly changing data. React allows users to code in JavasScript and create UI components.
Node.js
Node.js provides a JavaScript Environment which allows the user to run their code on the server. Node pack manager i.e. npm allows the user to choose from thousands of free packages (node modules) to use in the application
It uses the chrome’s V8 engine which is an open-source JavaScript run-time written in C++, that takes JS code and compiles it to machine code.
Why MERN?
MERN stack is ideally suited for web applications that have a large amount of interactivity built into the front-end. We could perhaps achieve the same with other stacks, but you’ll find that it is most convenient to do so with MERN.
The best part about MERN is that a single language is used everywhere. We can use JavaScript for client-side code as well as server-side code. Even if we have database scripts (in MongoDB), we can query them in JavaScript. So, the only language you need to know and be comfortable with is JavaScript.
There are other stacks also:-MEAN(uses Angular instead of React) and MEVN (uses Vue instead of React) which can be used instead of MERN.
Most of the developers prefer to React over Angular and Vue today. So, if you do have a choice of stacks, and the luxury of a little time to get familiar, you may find that MERN is a good choice.
About the Author
Currently, I am pursuing BTech in Electronics and Instrumentation from the College of Engineering Trivandrum.
I am a newbie in the field of web development and I love to do competitive programming. I am an active member of the bellatrixdata community. I have also worked on open source projects as a part of GSSoC’20 by GirlScript Foundation. In my free time, I write answers on Quora and blogs on Medium.
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