By Aman Dheer
Robots have long captivated the imagination of people from various backgrounds and have come up a long way in the field of innovation and design. However, the latest trends in robots have been inspired by the world of Biology in a significant way. This has helped transform the knowledge of the natural world to solve various engineering problems. Biologically based robots have helped scientists and engineers come up with novel ways and methods to create specialized robots. Many biologically-based robots have been used in the healthcare sector for devising various new treatments and external aids for different healthcare-related issues. Below are a few robots and device working on biological principles-
- Robots can be made motile by understanding and applying various biological phenomena and movements shown in organisms. Principles adopted by neurobiologists to study the movement of animals across various terrains can easily be implemented in robots as well. Example. A group of researchers built a hexapod robot modeled on the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). This hexapod robot has been designed similar to the body-shape and leg structure of the cockroach. It moves through force-generating pneumatic actuators that mimic the cockroach muscles and provides a much higher acceleration and strength. Such robots can be designed to travel on rough terrains and can even be used for rescue missions at high altitudes. Another example is the RHex hexapod robot which can move quickly on different surfaces.
- A snakebot has also been developed that can move without the use of limbs through contraction and relaxation of its scales. These robots have locomotive flexibility and can climb stairs and trees. Robots can even be made to jump as inspired by locusts by releasing tension stored in the spring.
- Researchers have even used specific parts or features and have tried to build robots mimicking them. Example. Biological hair cells have been used to model sensors which can help robots sense vibrations in water. Even cilia have been used to make microscale robotic motors.
- Humanoid robots have also been built that can express speech and emotions and carry out given tasks using artificial intelligence and programming. These robots can be taught to learn any desired skills needed.
- The wing movement of flies can be studied to create flying robots and even streamline-shaped drones. Such robots will exhibit faster speeds and maneuverability.\
- Soft robots are robots based on the adaptability of certain living organisms. They allow for increased flexibility and can be used in medicinal and rescue operations. Such robots can be used to create Exosuits for enhancing physical strength or even in invasive surgeries. Example. Powered leg orthoses powered by ECG have been developed alongside prosthetic hands and arms for functionality.
Biologically based robots have come up a long way since their invention and continue to witness further advancements in the field thanks to adopting different environment-based natural activities and implementing them through multiple means. Bio-inspired robots offer a wide variety of uses ranging from industrial uses to even advanced space missions. This highlights the influence of biology in the technological world.
